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Philosophers, theorists, psychologists and educators have addressed appropriate educational practices for learning.
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Philosophers, theorists, psychologists and educators have addressed appropriate educational practices for learning.
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Created by Rousseau.
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He was a a philosopher, composer and writer. He was for children’s education to be natural, asking to learn what they are developmentally for. Believed children have individual ways of learning and the formal instruction can interfere with development.
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He was was influenced by Rousseau. He started his own school, developed principles for learning that combined natural elements with informal instruction. He suggests children’s potential develops through sensory manipulative experiences, designed lessons involving manipulating objects “gifts”. Children learn through touch, smell, language, size and shape.
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He was a Herman pedagogue believed in natural unfolding of a child, he followed Pestalozzi’s ideas. He is known for emphasizing the importance of play in learning. First educator to design a systematic curriculum for young children that includes objects and materials.
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He was a developmental psychologist who advocated maturation as the most important factor in learning.He said to avoid reading in Pre-K and Kindergarten.
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They supported the postponement of reading instruction until old enough.
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Behaviorism. The outcome of learning is a permanent change in behavior that is caused by a response to an experience or stimulus. You learn through imitation, association and conditioning. Programs are skilled bases, little time for social, emotional, physical development, main concern is acquisition of cognitive skills.
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The investigate childhood literacy development. Done in diverse cultural and socioeconomic setting.
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She created the method of instruction that used senses to promote learning. Teacher is a guide who prepares an environment with materials designed to teach certain skills. Promotes independent learning for children, with daily schedules that are systematic and organized.
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She assumed that the child acquired some knowledge about language, reading, and writing before hand.
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Emergent Literacy has came about. It acknowledges a child’s scribble marks on a page as rudimentary writing, even if not one letter is discernible.
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He led the concept of the child-centered curriculum or progressive education. Curriculum should be built around interests of children. Maintained social interactions encouraged learning and themes of interests of children.
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Theory describes intellectual capabilities of children at different stages of development.Sensorimotor Period 0-2 years.Thoughts determined by explorations baby hears,sees,tastes and feels. Preoperational Period 2-7,a child’s language develops and thinking is concrete,child begins to organize his world. Concrete Operational Period 7-11 child begins his thought processes in concrete and is able to move into some abstract ideas. Formal Operations Period 11-adult high level of thinking.
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Whole language considers children who are not reading conventionally. Integrated language arts has equal emphasizes on reading, writing, listening and oral language. It's continuous and takes many forms.
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His heory of intellectual development suggests learning occurs as children acquire new concepts or schemes. a scheme is a mental structure in which a person stores information. Mental functions are acquired through social relationships.
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It uses multiple methods. It suggests that no single combination of methods can be successfully teach all children to read. It grounded in a rich model of literacy learning that encompasses the elegance and complexity of literacy process.
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It shows the most effective strategies for teaching children to read. Phonemic awareness, phonics, vocabulary, comprehensive and fluency are all crucial to early literacy success
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The goal was for every child to become a fluent reader by grade 3. A school was awarded reading first grants to low achieving school districts
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ESSA helped ensure that every student succeeds.