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Erie Canal
Constructed in 1768
The Erie Canal was enlarged between 1836 and 1862 to 7ft.
Enlarged again in 1918 to 12-14 feet deep, -
Abolitionism
- immediate emancipation of slavery and the end of racial discriminate and segregation. It was party fueled by fervor of the second great awakening. began in Pennslyvania in 1780
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William Loyd Garrison
- American abolitionist who was best known for the abolitionist newspaper the liberator and was one of the founders of the American antislavery society
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Lewis and Clark
• Started the first American exploration after the Louisiana Purchase. The objective was to explore for new territory and to see if the Mississippi was connected to the Columbian River. -
Robert Edward Lee
• American career military officer who is best known for having commanded the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in the American Civil War.
• exceptional officer and combat engineer in the United States Army for 32 years
• served as Superintendent of the United States Military Academy
• President Abraham Lincoln had offered Lee command of a Union Army
• the in Civil War, Lee originally served as a senior military adviser to President Jefferson Davis. -
Missouri Compromise
In 1820 there were uneven amount of Free states and slave states so they past a law so that the amount of slave states and the amount of free states were even -
Eli Whitney (December 8, 1765 – January 8, 1825)
• American inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin.
• One of the key inventions of the Industrial Revolution and shaped the economy of the Antebellum South
• strengthened the economic foundation of slavery in the United States
• Manufacture of muskets for the newly formed continental army. -
Jefferson Davis
In 1828, Davis graduated from West Point, 23rd in his class.
In March 1833, Davis was promoted to first lieutenant.
In the summer of 1835, Davis fought on battlefield against Indian tribes. -
Nathaniel "Nat" Turner
• American slave who led a slave rebellion in Virginia on August 21, 1831 that resulted in 60 white deaths and at least 100 black deaths
• Turner was convicted, sentenced to death, and hanged.
• With that state executed 56 blacks accused of being part of Turner's slave rebellion.
• In Virginia, state legislators passed new laws:
prohibiting education of slaves and free blacks
restricting rights of assembly and other civil rights for free blacks
and requiring white ministers to be prese -
Nullifcation Crisis
• A time frame in which the ‘nullies’ ruled the tariff unconstitutional and unjust and nullified the tariffs against the people in 1832. -
Grimke sisters
went throughout the north tell people about their first hand witnesses of the punishment on their plantation. they were early American activists. -
Manifest Destiny
Right to rule and expand on the land of the continent.
Used by americans in 1840 during a war with the Mexicans over land.
By 1843 John Quincy Adams changed his mind of the idea due to the other idea of slavery encompassed within the manifest destiny. -
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
leader behind the 1841 convention and also the face behind women's rights but became over shadowed by her partner Susan B. Anthony. after marrying her husband they went to London where she meet teacher lucretia mott which he told her that she needed to have a convention for women's rights. Mott and many others signed a declaration at the 1848 convention. -
Seneca Falls Conference
• In July 18, 1848 the first women’s rights convention held by women in the New World.
• The meeting lasted 2 days to discuss the social rights of women. -
Wilmot Proviso
- Slaves were not allowed in any area where the US had taken land from Mexico. This was one of the major causes leading up to the civil war between the north and the south.
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KNAa Nebraska Act
- the Kansas Nebraska act gave the US more land. This however was not for slavery, this was gained so that the US could build the Transcontinental railroad. This act was designed by Stephen A. Douglas.
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Ida Tarbell
• Was an American teacher, author and journalist.
• She was one of the leading "muckrakers" of the progressive era.
• She is best known for her 1904 book The History of the Standard Oil Company, which was listed as No. 5 in a 1999 list by New York University of the top 100 works of 20th-century American journalism.
• She depicted John D. Rockefeller as crabbed, miserly, money-grabbing, and viciously effective at monopolizing the oil trade.
• accused the leaders of the Standard Oil Company o -
Dred Scott case
A case where Scott tried to sue for his freedom but after years of appeals the government stated that anyone from African decent is a slave whether they are free or not therefore he became a slave again and went back to his owner. -
John Brown's Raid
• The capturing of the place of weapons stored at the U.S. Arsenal at Harpers Ferry. The initial objective was to destroy the slave system in the South. However it ended in ultimate failure. -
President Lincoln
• Was the 16th President of The United States, serving from 1861 until 1865 when he was assassinated
• His efforts toward ending slavery included issuing the emancipation proclamation in 1863
• Gettysburg address spoken in 1863 was the most quoted speech in American history
• He helped push through the 13th amendment -
Fort Sumter
The Battle of Fort Sumter was the bombardment and surrender of Fort Sumter
Start of American Civil War. -
William T. Sherman
• American soldier, businessman, educator and author
• served as a General in the Union Army during the American Civil War (1861–65) -
Emancipation Proclamation
• The Emancipation Proclamation is an order issued to all segments of the Executive Branch (including the Army and Navy) of the United States by President Lincoln January 1, 1863, during The Civil War
• It proclaimed all those enslaved in Confederate territory to be forever free
• The Proclamation could not be enforced in areas still under rebellion, but as the army took control of Confederate regions, the slaves in those regions were emancipated rather than returned to their masters. -
Stonewall Jackson
• Died of pneumonia (set in by an amputated arm) on May 10 1863; his last words were giving orders to his army.
• Met Robert E. Lee at the Mexican War, where he was promoted in 1846.
• Got his nickname during the battle of First Bull run where he stood like a “stone wall” to back up the confederate forces. -
Vicksburg
Siege of Vicksburg Began on May !8 and ended on July 4
Ulysses S. Grant and his forces drove the confederate army back to the city of Vicksburg. Finally Grant decided to conquer the city and after being dry of resources the city finally surrendered. -
Gettsyburg
• The battle of Gettysburg took place from July 1-3 1863
• Battle with the most casualties of all the Civil War
• The war was between the North and the South over slavery -
Battle of Atlanta
• Battle of the Atlanta campaign during the civil war on July 22nd 1864
• Continuing their summer campaign to seize the important rail and supply center of Atlanta
• The battle occurred midway through the campaign and the city did not fall until September 2, 1864, after a Union siege and various attempts to seize railroads and supply lines leading to Atlanta. -
John D Rockefeller
• American industrialist and philanthropist.
• He was the founder of the Standard Oil Company
• revolutionized the petroleum industry and defined the structure of modern philanthropy.
• wealth soared, and he became the world's richest man and the first American worth more than a billion dollars.
• His fortune was mainly used to create the modern systematic approach of targeted philanthropy. He was able to do this through the creation of foundations that had a major effect on medicine, educat -
Battle of Antietam
Also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg
George B. McClellan attacked Generel Lee by Antietam Creek.
Attack failed to destroy Lee's army. -
14th Amendment
• States that people born in the United states of America or reside in the United States of America have citizenship. Passed on July 8th 1868. -
Ulysses Grant
The general of the union army during the second half of the war in which he defeated the confederate army which ended the war and abolishing slavery. Grant served a second term and when leaving office the south was just getting their economy up again. -
15th Amendment
• The Fifteenth Amendment (Amendment XV) to The United States Constitution prohibits each government in the United States from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude" (for example, slavery). It was ratified on February 3, 1870.
• The Fifteenth Amendment is the third of the Reconstruction Amendments -
Sitting Bull
• Holy man and tribe leader of the Lakota people.
• Became one of the most powerful war chiefs of the Natives and was a major impact of the battle of Little Big Horn -
Compromise of 1877
• The Compromise of 1877, also known as "The Great Betrayal
• ended Reconstruction in the South
• The compromise involved Democrats who controlled the House of Representatives allowing the decision of the Electoral Commission to take effect. -
Compromise of 1877
• Was a purported informal, unwritten deal that settled the intensely disputed 1876 U.S. presidential election, pulled federal troops out of state politics in the South, and ended the Reconstruction Era.
• The outgoing president, Republican Ulysses S. Grant, removed the soldiers from Florida. As president, Hayes removed the remaining troops in South Carolina and Louisiana.
• As soon as the troops left, many white Republicans also left and the "Redeemer" Democrats took control.
• The remova -
Thomas Edison
• Developed many devices and named one of the top inventors in history. Devices such as the phonograph, the motion picture camera, a long-lasting and practical electric light bulb. -
Chinese exlusion act of 1882
• United States federal law signed by Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882
• following revisions made in 1880 to the Burlingame Treaty of 1868.
• Those revisions allowed the U.S. to suspend Chinese immigration, a ban that was intended to last 10 years.
• This law was repealed by the Magnuson Act on December 17, 1943. -
American Federation of Labor
• The American Federation of Labor (AFL) was one of the first federations of labor unions in the United States.
• AFL was the largest union grouping in the United States for the first half of the 20th century
• In 1955, the AFL merged with its longtime rival, the Congress of Industrial Organizations, to form the AFL-CIO, a federation which remains in place to this day. -
Samuel Gompers
• Gompers founded the American Federation of Labor (AFL) -
Ellis Island
• Ellis Island, in Upper New York Bay, was the gateway for millions of immigrants to the United States as the nation's busiest immigrant inspection station from 1892 until 1924.
• A 1998 United States Supreme Court decision found most of the island to be part of New Jersey.
• The island has been closed to the public since Hurricane Sandy in October 2012. -
1894 Pullman strike
• The Pullman Strike was a nationwide conflict in the summer of 1894 between the new American Railway Union (ARU) and railroads that occurred in the United States.
• The conflict began in the town of Pullman, Illinois, on May 11 when nearly 4,000 employees of the Pullman Palace Car Company began a wildcat strike in response to recent reductions in wages.
• Debs and the ARU called a massive boycott that affected most lines west of Detroit and at its peak involved some 250,000 workers in 27 states -
Fredrick Douglass February
• American social reformer, orator, writer and statesman.
• Escaped slavery
• became a leader of the abolitionist movement
• Douglass wrote several autobiographies, eloquently describing his experiences in slavery in his 1845 autobiography
• Without his approval, he became the first African American nominated for Vice President of the United States -
Plessy v. Ferguson
• (1896), is a landmark United States Supreme Court decision in the jurisprudence of the United States, upholding the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal".
• law separated the two races as a matter of public policy
• The decision was handed down by a vote of 7 to 1
• "Separate but equal" remained standard doctrine in U.S. law until its repudiation in the 1954 Supreme Court decision Brown v. Board of Educat -
Upton Sinclairs the Jungle
• 1906 novel written by the American journalist and novelist Upton Sinclair (1878–1968)
• Exposed practices in the American meatpacking industry during the early 20th century, based on an investigation he did for a newspaper.
• Written to portray the lives of immigrants in the United States.
• The book depicts poverty, the absence of social programs, unpleasant living and working conditions, and the hopelessness prevalent among the working class -
13th Amendment
• States that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." Passed on January 31, 1965