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Share cropping & Tenant Farming
Southern planation owners were challenged to help work the land of the slaves that have farmed at. They took advantage of the slaves' hope to own their own farms. The plantation people used arrangements called sharecropping and tenant farming -
Black Codes
The Black Codes were laws passed by Democrat-controlled Southern states in 1865 and 1866, after the Civil War. These laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans' freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt. -
13th Amendment
This amendment abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. It was significant because people were tortured and forced to work for people and now they were finally free from them. -
14th Amendment
All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. -
15th Amendment
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. -
Jim Crow Laws
Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States. ... They mandated de jure racial segregation in all public facilities in the states of the former Confederate States of America, starting in 1896 with a "separate but equal" status for African Americans in railroad cars. -
Lynching
Lynching is an extrajudicial punishment by an informal group. It is most often used to characterize informal public executions by a mob in order to punish an alleged transgressor, or to intimidate a group. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
A U.S. Supreme Court case from 1896 that upheld the rights of states to pass laws allowing racial segregation in public places. -
Poesy v Ferguson
Poesy v Ferguson was a landmark constitutional law case of the US Supreme Court decided in 1896. It upheld state racial segregation laws for public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal". -
19th Amendment
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Women were granted the right to vote by this law. -
Civil Disobedience
the refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest. -
20th Amendment
The terms of the President and Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th day of January, and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3d day of January, of the years in which such terms would have ended if this article had not been ratified; and the terms of their successors shall then begin. -
Federal Housing Administration
(FHA) is a United States government agency created in part by the National Housing Act of 1934. It sets standards for construction and underwriting and insures loans made by banks and other private lenders for home building. -
Hector P Garcia
Physician and Founder of the American GI Forum of the United States of America. Born in Mexico, January 17, 1914. The American G.I. Forum (AGIF) is a Congressionally chartered Hispanic veterans and civil rights organization founded in 1948. -
Brown v Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. -
Desegregation
Desegregation is the process of ending the separation of two groups usually referring to races. -
Rosa Parks
A woman from Montgomery, Alabama, who, in 1955, refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery city bus to a white person, as she was legally required to do. She was an activist in the civil rights movement, -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
The Montgomery bus boycott, a seminal event in the Civil Rights Movement, was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. -
Orville Faubus
Orval Faubus was an American politician who served as 36th Governor of Arkansas from 1955 to 1967.He used the Arkansas National Guard to stop African Americans from attending Little Rock Central High School as part of federally ordered racial desegregation. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
The purpose of the Civil Rights Act of 1957 was to show the federal government's support for racial equality following the Supreme Court's 1954 Brown decision. Opposition to the legislation, including the longest one-person filibuster in history, resulted in limited immediate impact, but the Act paved the way for a series of more effective civil rights bills in the 1960s. -
George Wallace
A political leader of the twentieth century. As governor of Alabama in the 1960s, he resisted integration and promised to “stand at the schoolhouse door” to bar black people from admission to the University of Alabama. -
Sit ins
a form of protest in which demonstrators occupy a place, refusing to leave until their demands are met. -
Non violent protest
Nonviolent resistance (NVR or nonviolent action) is the practice of achieving goals such as social change through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political noncooperation, satyagraha, or other methods, while being nonviolent -
Cesar Chavez
Cesar Chavez was an American labor leader and civil rights activist who, with Dolores Huerta, co-founded the National Farm Workers Association in 1962. -
Martin Luther KING JR
Martin Luther King Jr. was an American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the Civil Rights Movement. -
Betty Friedan
Betty Friedan was an American writer, activist, and feminist. A leading figure in the women's movement in the United States, her 1963 book The Feminine Mystique -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark civil rights and US labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. -
Head Start
Head Start is a program of the United States Department of Health and Human Services that provides comprehensive early childhood education, health, nutrition, and parent involvement services to low-income children and their families. -
24th Amendment
The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax. -
Lester Madox
Lester Madox was an American politician who served as the 75th Governor of the U.S. state of Georgia from 1967 to 1971.He refused to serve black customers in his Atlanta restaurant, in defiance of the Civil Rights Act. -
Upward Bound
Upward Bound is a federally funded educational program within the United States. The program is one of a cluster of programs now referred to as TRIO, all of which owe their existence to the federal Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 (the War on Poverty Program) and the Higher Education Act of 1965. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Voting Rights Act, signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson (1908-73) on August 6, 1965, aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote under the 15th Amendment (1870) to the Constitution of the United States. -
Affirmative Action
Intended to promote the opportunities of defined minority groups within a society to give them equal access to that of the majority population. -
Thurgood Marshall
On June 13, 1967 Marshall was nominated to the Supreme Court following the retirement of Justice Tom C. Clark. He then became the first african american justice. -
26th Amendment
The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age. -
Title IX
Comprehensive federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any federally funded education program or activity.
