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The start of the cold war is not concrete, but it is said to have begun in the late 1940's after WWII.
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The USSR sent the first artificial satellite into Orbit around Earth
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Sputnik II was launched containing a dog named Laika, becoming the first biological spacecraft
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The Explorer I was launched by the United States, their first successful attempt.
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The National Aeronautics and Space Administration was formed.
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The USSR successfully launched a human into orbit, Yuri Gagarin.
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The United States successfully landed a man on the moon, Neil Armstrong.
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The fall of the Soviet Union ended the Cold War.