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Many Apache killed and relocated in 1862 by Carson. Navajo told to surrender but Carson attacks killing hundreds in 1863. Navajo moved to New Mexico reservation in 1865.
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Cheyenne massacres prompt Chivington to kill 500 surrendered Cheyenne and Arapaho led by Black Kettle.
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Southern Plains Indians relocated to Oklahoma Indian Territory. Buffalo hunters destroy Indian food supply, Comanche warriors race to grazing areas in Texas to kill hunters.
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Sherman and Sheridan defeat warriors and open panhandle to cattle ranching. End of Red River War.
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U.S. tries to buy gold-rich Black Hills from Sioux. Talks fail and Custer tries to round up Sioux, met with a huge enemy force. Custer and some 200 men are killed.
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Howard orders Nez Percé to to Idaho Reservation, sparks violence. Joseph leads some 700 men, women, and children on a 1,400-mile flight. 200 warriors hold off 2,000 soldiers until halted 40 miles short of Canada. Sent to Indian Territory, many die of disease.
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Geronimo surrenders, ending the Apache and Navajo wars.
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Fear of Sioux uprising; Sitting Bull killed during attempted arrest. His followers surrender and camp at Wounded Knee, shots are fired, some 200 Sioux die.
