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NCAAP
The National Association for Advancement of Colored People was established in 1910 by W.E.B. Dubois and his purpose was to promote equality, to remove voting obstacles, and to secure desegregation. This group was mainly for the memberships of the middle to upper class and was also interracial. The group used Supreme Court Cases in order to fight for laws of desergreation and equality in Congress during the Civil Rights Movement. -
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
Linda Brown was an eight year old African American from Topeka, Kansas who attended a school that was entirely segregated. Linda Brown's parents felt the conditions in the African American schools were insufficient of the conditions provided to white students in their schools. The Browns eventually appealed the case to the Supreme Court, in which the court decided that the two schools were not provided with equal conditions. This case declared the unconstituinal nature of segregated education. -
Emmett Till
Emmett Till was a fourteen year old boy from Money, Mississippi who was accused of calling a white girl in a store "baby" and his "girlfriend". Later that night, a white man came to the door of Till and asked his grandfather for Emmett Till to come to the door, and the grandfather agreed to it. Till was shot with a pistol, and the body was later found destroyed in a river. This event raised awareness of the treatment of blacks in the country. -
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Montgomery Bus Boycott
Rosa Parks who was a directer of the NAACP was arrested for not giving up her seat to a white person on a crowded bus in Montgomery, Alabama. This action prompted the bus boycott, which included the refusal of African Americans to use mass transit thoughout the town for a period of time. The US Supreme Court became involved after eleven months of the boycott, and it was eventually ruled that Montgomery mass transit must be desegregated. -
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SCLC
The Southern Christain Leadership Conference was established in 1957 by MLK in order to shift the focus of the Civil Rights Movement to the South. The organization was led by African American clergymen from the South, and the heaviest support for the group was from middle class blacks. The SCLC practiced nonviolent tactics that were promoted by MLK, who adopted the techniques from Gandhi. The SCLC also practiced civil disobedience, and the ultimate goal of the group was to establish integration. -
The Little Rock Crisis
In the town of Little Rock, Arkansas, nine African American children were finally accomplishing the goal of enrolling in an all white school for the first time in the South. As the children attempted to enter the school building, the National Guard was at the scene along with mobs of angry parents, and both prohibited the children from entering the school. Eventually, president Eisenhower sent in the 101st airborne military unit and allowed the children to enter and attend the school safely. -
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Kennedy's Presidency
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The New Frontier
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SNCC
The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee was established in 1960 by recent college graduates in their early twenties. The SNCC broke away from the SCLC in it's early years, and the group was largely supported by Civil Rights advocates John Lewis and Ella Baker. The tactics of this group were much more extreme and were looked down upon as a result of the organiation containing mostly young adults. -
Lunch Counter Sit-ins
In Greensboro, NC and Nashville, TN, groups of African American college kids sat down at lunch counters and refused to leave until they were served. Gangs began to target these sit-ins, and the students were brutally attacked even though they stayed true to the nonviolence tactic. As a result of these actions and boycotts, African American customers were finally served at lunch counters throughout the South. -
Kennedy-Nixon Debate
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1960 Election
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The Integration of Ole Miss
In 1961, James Meredith who was an Air Force veteran, applied for a transfer from Jackson State College to the University of Mississippi. He was rejected from Ole Miss less than a week after applying, and took the case to the Supreme Court. The University was ordered to admit Meredith, and Kennedy had to eventually send federal marshals into the university in order to protect Meredith and restore the riots. Meredith sucessfully graduated from Ole Miss in August of 1963. -
Peace Corps Proposed
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Alliance for Progress Proposed
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Warren Court Rules on Rights of the Accused
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Bay of Pigs Invasion
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Berlin Crisis
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The Albany Movement
In an attempt to target the general issue of segregation, many African Americans in Albany, Georgia protested in the streets, and in result were arrested in large amounts. African Americans purposly tried to fill up the jail cells, and this attempt failed miserably as a result of the blacks not preparing themselves for mass arrests and accusations from the police. This movement was the first time African Americans mobilized an entire community against segregation. -
The Other America Published
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John Glenn Orbits the Earth
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Baker v. Carr
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Engel v. Vitale
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Cuban Missile Crisis
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Equal Pay Act Passed
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The March on Washigton
In order to show support for the passing of the Civil Rights Bill, thousands of people gathered between the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial on August 28th. MLK gave the famous "I have a dream" speech, and the cancellation of John Lewis' speech occurred as a result of it being too attacking and vicious. The march showed Kennedy that the national support was present for the passing of the Civil RIghts Bill. -
The 16th Street Church Bombing
In Birmingham, Alabama, a bomb exploded on September 15, 1963 in the 16th Street Church, and four young African American children were killed. These deaths prompted much anger from the public, and the African American community decided to protect the children at all costs by obtaining the right to vote. This was the turning point in the movement that began the issue for voting rights in the civil rights era. -
Kennedy Assassination
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Lyndon Johnson Sworn in
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Warren Commission Formed
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Economic Opportunity Act Passed
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Great Society Proposed
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The Murder of Medgar Evers
Medgar Evers was a member of the NAACP in Meridian, Mississippi who oranized a mass boycott of stores in Mississippi. Evers also ordered a march in Jackson Mississippi to promote awareness of desegregation, and also aided in the desegregation of the University of Mississippi. While in his driveway, Evers was shot by a member of the White Citizens' Council, and was later buried in Arlington National Cemetary. -
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Freedom Summer
In the attempt to ban literacy tests and address the issue of voting rights, in Philadelphia, Mississippi, large masses of African Americans were murdered and imprisioned for protesting and spreading awareness of the issue. The Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party was established as a result of the summer, and more blacks were granted the ability to vote.This gave African Americans a change in leadership by obtaining their own party, and the issue also recieved more attention from the North. -
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The 1964 Democratic National Convention
The convention included both the regular white Democratic Party, the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, as the MFDP insisted on obtaining it's fair representation. The party was offered the chance for representation, but only two seats during the convention. The MFDP turned down the offer, and this refusal prompted national attention and the publicity also supported the issue for voting rights. -
1964 Election
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The Selma March
In a total of three marches in Selma, Alabama, hundreds of African Americans wanted to spread awareness of voting registration and rights. MLK joined the marches, and tension was increased between the SCLC and the SNCC as a result of the SNCC distancing itself from the movement. After the marches, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was passed, and the nonviolent movement had unofficially ended. -
Medicare and Medicaid Passed
