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Official Reopening of the White House
The first and original White House was destroyed in 1814 by the vandals of the British Army, as well as other buildings. The presidential manor was officially reopened on New Years' Day, and James Monroe became the first president to inhabit it. The house's new designer, Hoban, received a $1,600 salary (First, Second, and Third White Houses). -
Karl Marx is Born
Karl Marx was born in Rhenish Prussia on May 5 to Heinrich and Henriette Pesburg Marx (Love 304). Both parents were descendants from a line of rabbis (Love 305). Prior to Karl's birth, his father, formerly Hirschel (Spartacus Education), converted to Lutheranism due to conflicts practicing law as a Jew (Love 305). -
Marx is Baptized
After Marx was baptized, he would go on to attend the Lutheran Elementary School (Love 305). However, as Marx grew older, he became an atheist, and grew critical of religion in general. In fact, one of Marx's most famous quotes is "Religion is the opiate of the people" (Love 304). -
Britain Declares War on Burma
War started when the British refused to return Burmese refugees. The Burmese resorted to Guerilla tactics, while Britain's plan was to take the Burmese capital. It took two years for Britain to conquer Burma. Over 20,000 men died due to causes such as disease and starvation (Burmese Wars). -
Greece Becomes Independent
The treaty granting Greece its independence from the Ottoman empire was signed by Britain, Russia, France, and Bavaria. Athens was named the capital of the new republic. Thelassy, Macedon, Thrace, Epirus, Crete, the Dodecanese Islands, and the region around Simyrna were not included as part of the new Greek state. Otto of Wittlesbach, at seventeen years old, became the new king of Greece (Nationalism and Independence for the Greeks). -
Marx Graduates Friederich Wilhem Gymnasium
Marx graduated Friederich Wilhem Gymnasium at the age of 17. At that time, he was fluent in French, and would go on to learn other languages. While Marx's father wanted him to become a lawyer, Marx was into literature, and wanted to be a poet and dramatist (Love 305). -
First Adhesive Postage Stamps Are Released
The invention of adhesive postage stamps is credited to Rowland Hill, a schoolmaster in England.The invention made mailing easier, and Hill was actually dubbed a knight for inventing the sticky stamp (History of Stamps). -
Marx Becomes Editor of Rheinische Zeitung
Also known as the "Rhenish Gazette" (Spartacus Educational), the "Rheinische Zeitung" was a newspaper in Cologne (Spartacus Educational). Later on, Marx would meet Moses Hess, who introduced Marx to socialism and communism, and Marx would go on to write an article about it in his newspaper (Spartacus Educational). Unfortunately for Marx, the newspaper was banned by the Prussian government, and was to be shut down by April 1 of 1843 (Biography Website). -
Marx is Expelled From France
Marx, then living in Paris, was expelled from France altogether (Love 305). This was because Prussia had been pressure from the Prussian government (Love 305). Marx then moved to Brussels, where he and Frederich Engels would soon co-write "The Communist Manifesto" (Love 305). -
Marx and Engels Write "Communist Manifesto"
Marx was a critic of capitalism, the dominant economic system of the world. Consequently, he was an advocate of socialism, also known as communism (Kort 7-8). In the "Manifesto," Marx expressed his belief that capitalism brought on changes in technology, rather than changes in the people. The experiences of owners would be different between the experiences of the workers, and conflicts would erupt (Moss 215-216). -
Marx Leaves Brussels
Marx was very active in Brussels. There, he wrote "The Communist Manifesto" and founded the German Workers' Party. However, the Belgian government saw Marx as a radical, and expelled him. After being expelled from two different countries, Marx would move back to Cologne (Love 305). -
Gold Discovered at Sutter's Mill
It was in Sacramento Valley where the precious metal was found. James Wilson Marshall, a carpenter from New Jersey, was building a water-powered sawmill for John Sutter near the American River, at the base of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. One day, he was working in the water, and found gold. This started the California Gold Rush, where $2 billion in gold was collected (The Gold Rush of 1849). -
Marx is Exiled From Prussia
In 1848, Marx had moved back to Cologne and became the editor of a new newspaper known as the "Neue Rheinische Zeitung" (Love 306). Like the "Rheinische Zeitung," it was shut down by the Prussian authorities, and Marx was exiled (Love 306). Marx went to Paris, but was expelled again (Love 306). He finally settled in London, despite the fact he was never granted London citizenship (Love 306). -
Marx Becomes Correspondent for New York Daily Tribune
Once Marx settled in London, he wrote several articles for the German-English newspaper, the "New York Daily Tribune," despite being denied London citizenship. Journalism, however, paid poorly, and Marx had to get by on the financial support he received from Engels (Love 306). -
Karl Marx Dies
Karl Marx died of Pleurisy on March 14 (Biography Website). Neither Marx, nor his friend, Frederich Engels, lived to see the rise of communism and creation of the USSR (Kort 8). Marx's original grave was simply a blank stone, however the Communist Party of Great Britain erected a tombstone for Marx, which included a bust of him and quotes that were etched on stone (Biography Website). -
Paris Convention of 1883 Signed
The Paris Convention was an international treaty by WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization). The Paris Convention prevented ideas or inventions from being stolen and/or used in other countries due to a lack of patent laws. The Paris Convention eventually led to International Patents (The Paris Convention of 1883).
