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In the early 1400s, under Prince Henry, the Portuguese tried to find new trade routes to compete with Italian merchants. He hired Muslims and Jews to help develope faster ships and create more acurate maps.
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After Gutenberg created movable type, ideas were able to spread quickly. More people had access to books and were able to be educated. Jews were able to preserve religious texts and spread them all over Europe.
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The Jews are forced to pack up and leave Spain. They look for an open-minded society with a thriving economy. Many Jews go to Venice or Amsterdam
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During the 16th century, the rise of Kabbalah took place due to the decrease in Rabbinic authority, and became a major part of many Jews lives.
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Yosef Karo wrote the most widely accepted compilation of Jewish law ever. Puplished in Venice, it made it easier for Jews to correctly follow the laws
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Originally expected to be a great rabbi and leader, Spinoza began to question the words of the rabbis of the community. He was tried for blasphemy, and given cherem
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Made by Emperor Joseph II, it declared that Jews could live outside of the Jewish quarter, send their kids to public schools, and own factories. It also declared that they had to take surnames and did not have to pay a poll tax.
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After the Emancipation of the Jews of France, the Jews were finally were viewed as a part of the society. Some Jews, who were embarrassed by other Jews, ended up calling for a reform.
