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Mazzini, writer, orator, and founder of Italy, seized the Papal States with his followers.
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Emmanuel II became king of Sardina-Piedmont
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Cavour, liberal states man appointed prime minister of Sardinia-Piedmont, strengthened the country by promoting industry, building railroads, improving agriculture, fostering education, and enlarging the army.
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Cavour monuvered Austria into declaring war. French and Sardinian troops defeated the Austrians.
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Mazzini's friend, Garibaldi, also the military leader, defended Mazzini's Roman Republic against the French, fought for Sardinia against Austria, and in 1860 conquered the Two Siciles.
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Cvour exucuted a series of diplomatic moves to achieve Italian unity.
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Emmanuel II became king of Italy
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Govermeants request for increased military funds was defeated in the Prussian legislature.
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Bismarck brought about a war with Denmark over Provinces of Schleswig and Holstein. Prussia joined by Austria easily defeated Denmark.
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Bismarck dilliberatly quarrled with Austria over the conquered provinces and provoked a War.
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Italy allied itself with Prussia in the 7 weeks war against austria.
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Bismarck annexed several North German states and forced the remaining ones to join a Prussian dominated North German confederation.
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(Rome) Because of the Franco-Prussian war, France withdrew its trrops protecting the Pope in Rome.
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During Franco-Prussian war the four south German states consented to unification with Prussia. Bismarck made William I as emporer.
