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Napoleon invades German Lands
Napoleon invaded German lands after his retreat from Russia. Before the German invasion, there had been uprisings against the French troops occupying Germany. At first, Napoleon was treated as friend because of his ideas then he was thought as a foreign invader After the invasion, there was a new sense of German unity and nationalism. -
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Congress of Vienna
The objective of the Congress was to provide a long-term peace for Europe by settling critical issues developing from the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. Also, to distribute the main powers so they could balance each other off and remain at peace. The Final Act was signed by representatives of Austria, France, Portugal, Prussia, Russia, Sweden-Norway, and Britain. Spain did not sign the treaty but agreed to sign it in 1817. -
Otto Von Bismarck birth
Born in Schönhausen, Germany. His parents are Wilhelmine Luise Mencken and Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand von Bismarck -
Zollverein
An economic union created by Prussia to dismantle tariff barriers between the 39 Germanic states. Austria was excluded from the Zollverein -
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Frankfurt Assembly demands unity
Where liberals demands German political unity. Frederick William II was offered the throne by the liberals but rejected it because it was from the people. -
Frederick William IV is offered the throne
He rejected the title of German Emperor offered to him by the Frankfurt parliament because it was from the people, not God. He believed in the Divine Right Theory. -
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Economic Development
In the 50s and 60s, Germany built infrastructure such as roads and sidewalks and founded large companies. They had an abundance of natural resources (coal and iron). The work force was intelligent and skilled. The government promoted economic development -
Blood and Iron speech
Bismarck appeared before the Landtag's Budget Committee and stressed the need for military preparedness. The phrase "blood and iron" has become a popular description of his rule partly because he thinks violence (wars) is a better way to get something you want. -
Bismarck declared war on denmark
He tempted Austria to declare war on Denmark to acquire two territories. Following a brief war, Prussia assumed control of Schleswig while Austria was the minister of Holstein. Denmark was too weak militarily to stop either larger power. -
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Bismarck declared war on Austria
It was between the German Confederation controlled by Austria and Prussia and its German allies. The major result of the war was a distribution in power among the German states away from Austria and towards Prussian leadership -
Bismarck becomes Chancellor
Bismarck, also known as the "Iron Chancellor", was the founder and first chancellor of the German Empire. Bismarck directed his foreign rule at maintaining and strengthening the power of the German Empire. Bismarck isolated France to avoid wars of revenge. -
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Franco-Prussian War
Bismarck edited EMS disbatch so it looked like the French emperor insulted the French King and it made France angry. The cause was a struggle over the vacant spanish throne. French feared the prussian influence would go to its southern borders. Prussia won because the french were unorganized and had little supplies -
William I of Prussia becomes Emperor
in the Hall of Mirrors in Versailles Palace, William was proclaimed German Emperor. North German Confederation persuaded him to take the title, kaiser. -
Second Reich
German nationalists considered the second reich as the heir to the Holy Roman Empire founded by King Otto the Great. Reich also means empire. -
House of Krupp
In the 1870s, they were German's supplier of weapons and steel. An enormous industrial complex that produced steel and weapons for the world market -
Constitution drafted by Bismarck
Bismarck set up a two-house legislature. Bundesrat (upper house) was assigned by the rulers of the German states. Reichstag (lower house) assigned by to the universale male suffrage, or vote. The Bundesrat could reject any decisions from the Reichstag and real power continued to be in the hands of the emperor and his chancellor. -
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Population Growth
The population increased 26 million people from 1817 (41 million) to 1914 (67 million). Work force was educated and skilled. It stopped at 1914 because it was the year that WWI happened. -
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Campaign against the church
It was called the Kulturekampf which means the Battle of Civilization. 1/3 of the German population were Catholics. It backfired and the Catholics were behind the church. Bismarck quickly makes peace with the church. -
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Campaign against the Socialists
Bismarck feared socialists would stop being loyal and rebel. Socialists groups,newspaper, and meetings were banned by passed laws. Bismarck moves backfired and made a decision to support the laws to protect workers. In 1890, Germany has health, accident, and old age insurance. -
William II becomes Kaiser
Took his grandfather's position as kaiser. In 1890, he asked Bismarck to resign. He made Germany miltary worse. -
Bismarck Resigns
Bismarck stepped down peacefully. He disagreed with William II ideas.
