Islamic Spain and the Inquisition By Joel Ceu 711 Begin of Muslim Rule Tariq ibn Ziyad, a Muslim general, crosses the Strait of Gibraltar and defeats the Visigoth King Roderick in the Battle of Guadalete and marks the start of Muslim rule in the Iberian Peninsula 750 Córdoba Emirate Rule The Córdoba Emirate rule starts with Abd al-Rahman I. He brought stability and peace and developing al-Andalus as the center of cultural and social exchanges. 929 Caliphate of Córdoba Abd al-Rahman III establishes the Caliphate of Córdoba which became one of the most powerful forces at the time in Spain. 1031 Fall of Córdoba Political instability in the Caliphate of Córdoba causes the caliphate to fall and break apart into taifa kingdoms. 1031 Taifa Kingdoms The taifas were Muslim kingdoms that formed after the collapse of the Caliphate in Spain. These kingdoms were all independent and often competed with each other. 1085 Fall of Toledo King Alfonso VI captures Toledo, which was the capital taifa kingdom of al-Andalus. This was a huge milestone in the Reconquista led by the Christian states against Muslim Kingdoms. 1085 Almoravids After the fall of Toledo, the Muslim rulers ask the Almoravids for help in maintaining control and fighting against the Christian kingdoms. 1099 El Cid During the Reconquista, many figures became famous such as El Cid, they fought for their own glory but are depicted as Christian knights of honor in modern works. Source: Class works 1143 Portugal Founded by D. Alfonso Henriques in a treaty with Alphonse the VII of León and Castile. This recognized Portugal as it's own independent country. This status was confirmed in 1179 by Pope Alexander the III. 1232 Nasrid Dynasty The Nasrid Dynasty was founded by Muhammad I in the Emirate of Granada. Granada was the last stronghold of Muslim power in Spain and it held for centuries. 1236 Siege of Córdoba Ferdinand III sieges Córdoba and takes it. This ends Muslim rule over Córdoba 1357 Directorium Inquisitorum Written by Nicolas Eymeric, a Spanish Theologist and Inquisitor General. This book is basically a guide for inquisitors. 1391 Massacre of Jews Wave of violence against Jews. Jews who refused to be baptised were killed. Some were sold to slavery. 1478 The Spanish Inquisition Begins Pope Sixtus IV authorizes the Spanish Inquisition at the request of the Spanish Monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella. 1481 Auto De Fe In 1481, the first auto de fe in seville took place and 12 conversos were burned alive for practicing judaism. 1491 Treaty of Granada Put an end to the 10 year war of Granada. The treaty granted Muslims rights, equal treatment, and religious freedom. 1492 Fall of Granada During the rule of Muhammad XII, Granada surrenders to Catholic monarchs in the Treaty of Granada. This ends Muslim rule in the Iberian Peninsula. 1492 Decree of Alhambra Jews are forced to choose between baptism or exile. More than 160,000 Jews are banished. This decree is not repealed until almost 500 years later. 1517 Martin Luther and his "Ninety-Five Theses" Martin Luther nails his "Ninety-Five Theses" on a church door. These documents are considered what started the Protestant Reformation. 1542 Roman Inquisition An inquisition designed specifically to combat protestants. Operated in the Kingdom of Naples because the Spanish Monarchy would not let it operate openly.
During the Reconquista, many figures became famous such as El Cid, they fought for their own glory but are depicted as Christian knights of honor in modern works.
