Islamic Spain and the Inquisition

Begin of Muslim Rule

711

Tariq ibn Ziyad, a Muslim general, crosses the Strait of Gibraltar and defeats the Visigoth King Roderick in the Battle of Guadalete and marks the start of Muslim rule in the Iberian Peninsula

Córdoba Emirate Rule

750

The Córdoba Emirate rule starts with Abd al-Rahman I. He brought stability and peace and developing al-Andalus as the center of cultural and social exchanges.

Caliphate of Córdoba

929

Abd al-Rahman III establishes the Caliphate of Córdoba which became one of the most powerful forces at the time in Spain.

Fall of Córdoba

1031

Political instability in the Caliphate of Córdoba causes the caliphate to fall and break apart into taifa kingdoms.

Taifa Kingdoms

1031

The taifas were Muslim kingdoms that formed after the collapse of the Caliphate in Spain. These kingdoms were all independent and often competed with each other.

Fall of Toledo

1085

King Alfonso VI captures Toledo, which was the capital taifa kingdom of al-Andalus. This was a huge milestone in the Reconquista led by the Christian states against Muslim Kingdoms.

Almoravids

1085

After the fall of Toledo, the Muslim rulers ask the Almoravids for help in maintaining control and fighting against the Christian kingdoms.

El Cid

1099

During the Reconquista, many figures became famous such as El Cid, they fought for their own glory but are depicted as Christian knights of honor in modern works.
Source: Class works

Portugal

1143

Founded by D. Alfonso Henriques in a treaty with Alphonse the VII of León and Castile. This recognized Portugal as it's own independent country. This status was confirmed in 1179 by Pope Alexander the III.

Nasrid Dynasty

1232

The Nasrid Dynasty was founded by Muhammad I in the Emirate of Granada. Granada was the last stronghold of Muslim power in Spain and it held for centuries.

Siege of Córdoba

1236

Ferdinand III sieges Córdoba and takes it. This ends Muslim rule over Córdoba

Directorium Inquisitorum

1357

Written by Nicolas Eymeric, a Spanish Theologist and Inquisitor General. This book is basically a guide for inquisitors.

Massacre of Jews

1391

Wave of violence against Jews. Jews who refused to be baptised were killed. Some were sold to slavery.

The Spanish Inquisition Begins

1478

Pope Sixtus IV authorizes the Spanish Inquisition at the request of the Spanish Monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella.

Auto De Fe

1481

In 1481, the first auto de fe in seville took place and 12 conversos were burned alive for practicing judaism.

Treaty of Granada

1491

Put an end to the 10 year war of Granada. The treaty granted Muslims rights, equal treatment, and religious freedom.

Fall of Granada

1492

During the rule of Muhammad XII, Granada surrenders to Catholic monarchs in the Treaty of Granada. This ends Muslim rule in the Iberian Peninsula.

Decree of Alhambra

1492

Jews are forced to choose between baptism or exile. More than 160,000 Jews are banished. This decree is not repealed until almost 500 years later.

Martin Luther and his "Ninety-Five Theses"

1517

Martin Luther nails his "Ninety-Five Theses" on a church door. These documents are considered what started the Protestant Reformation.

Roman Inquisition

1542

An inquisition designed specifically to combat protestants. Operated in the Kingdom of Naples because the Spanish Monarchy would not let it operate openly.