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Muhammad returned to Mecca to preform a pilgrimage. After he returned from Mecca he went to Medinah and died 3 months later. Muhammad left no instructions of to who will rule next.
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Ever since Prophet Muhammad's death there has been conflict on who should rule next. Shia believes that Muhammad's descendants should rule, while Sunnis believe the Umayyads should rule.
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Europeans wanted to capture Holy Land so they started Crusades (wars).
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The Reconquista is a struggle of which the Christians drove out the Muslims.
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The Ottoman Empire conquered Constantinople. Constantinople became the Ottoman's capital and Constantinople was renamed to Instanbul. This took place after battles of the Byzantine-Ottoman Wars.
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The Balfour Declaration was a letter from British Foreign Secratary Arthur James Balfour to Lord Rotgschild. the Balfour Declaration made public the British Support of a Jewish Homeland. the Balfour Declaration led to the League of Nations.
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The Isreali Conflict is a fight between Palestina and Isreal. It is also known as Isreal's War of Independence. Isreal is the first Jewish state in 2000 years.
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There's a war that occurred in 6 days called The Six Day War. The war was a conflict on the change in mentalities and political orientations of the Arab nations.
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/middle_east/03/v3_israel_palestinians/maps/html/six_day_war.stm
http://www.ourtimelines.com/zsixdaywar.html
http://history1900s.about.com/cs/holocaust/p/balfourdeclare.htm
http://www.infoplease.com/world/countries/israel-palestine-conflict/timeline.html
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/state-of-israel-proclaimed
http://worldhistoryproject.org/632/6/8/muhammad-dies-of-illness-in-medina
http://www.religionfacts.com/islam/timeline.htm
http://militaryh