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John Stuart Mill
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Period: to
Life of Mill
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Francis Galton
Eugenics: "Two goals seemed paramount: first, the development of an intellectually and psychologically superior 'breed' of human beings who would be able to transmit their genetic virtues to their offspring; and second, the institution of customs and laws to ensure that this superior breed proliferates ata faster rate than the common run, and thus comes to dominate society numerically as well as qualitatively"(Fancher 34-5) -
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Life of Galton
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Mill's A System of Logic
"Every mental impression has its idea,' and the idea may be called to consciousness as a memory, independently of the original impression which produced it." (Francher 11) -
Associationistic Psychology
Laws: 1. similar ideas tend to excite one another; 2. when two impressions have been frequently experienced either simultaneously or in immediate succession, then whenever one of these impressions, or the idea of it, recurs, it tends to excite the idea of the other; 3. greater intensity in either or both of the impressions, is equivalent, in rendering them excitable by one another, to a greater frequency of conjunction." (Francer 11) -
Alfred Binet
J.S. Mill was his "only master in psychology" (Fancher 52). -
Period: to
Life of Binet
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James McKeen Cattell
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Period: to
Life of Cattell
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Galton's Hereditary Genius
"There is no favour [in coming from an eminent family] beyond the advantage of a good education. Whatever spur may be given by the desire to maintain the family fame, and whatever opportunities are provided by abundant leisure, are more than neutralised by those influeneces which comonly lead the heirs of furtune to idleness and dillettantism." (Fancher 32) -
Galton's Twin Study Method
"Galton lacked direct evidence on the matter, but reasoned that the twins with highly similar character must have been monozygotic . . . The dissimilar twins he presumed to be dizygotic" (Fancher 33) -
Galton's Anthropometric Laboratory
- Intellegence testing; 2. national register; 3. discouraging the "ordinary" from breeding; 4. Moral and Civic obligation
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Binet's "Reasoning in Perception"
"The operations of the intelligence are nothing but diverse forms of the laws of association: all psychological phenomena revert to these forms, be they apparently simple, or reognized as complex. Explanation in psychology, in the most scientific form, consists in showing that each mental fact is only a particular case of these general laws." (Fancher 52) -
Binet and Henri
10 Faculties: 1. memory; 2. imagery; 3. imagination; 4. attention; 5. comprehension; 6. suggestibility; 7. aesthetic sentiment; 8. moral sentiment; 9. muscular strength and willpower; 10. motor ability and hand-eye coordination -
Binet's and Simon's Judgement
" . . . otherwise known as good sense, practical sense, initiative, or the faculty of adapting oneself. To judge well, to understand well, to reasonwell - these are the essential wellsprings of intelligence" (Fancher 74)
