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Jethro Tull was one of the first scientific farmers. He saw that the usual was of sowing seed by scattering it across the ground was wasteful and many seeds failed to take root. To solve this problem he invented the seed drill.
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John Kay a machinist made a shuttle that sped back and forth on wheels. This flying shuttle, a boat-shaped piece of wood to which yarn was attached, doubled the work a weaver could do in a day.
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James Watt, a mathematical instrument maker at the University of Glasgow in Scotland, solved a problem of steam engines gobbling great quantities of fuel by figuring out a way to make the steam engine work faster and more efficient.
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In the communist manifesto, Marx and Engels argued that human societies have always been divided into warring classes . In their own time, these were the middle class “haves” or employees and the “have-nots” or workers. Also, when it was published it produced few short-term results.
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The United States had remained primarily agricultural until the Civil War ended in 1865. During the last third of the 1800s, the country experienced a technological boom. A number of causes contributed to this boom, such as natural resources , as burst of inventions and an urban population that consumed the new manufactured goods.
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Beginning around 1835, Germany began to copy the British model. Germany imported British equipment and British engineers. Germany built railroads, machine shops, iron foundries and my other industries to the point that by the 1870s, Germany had become both an industrial and a military giant.
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British unions had shared goals of raising wages for their members and improving working conditions. By 1875, British trade unions had won the right to strike and picket peacefully. They had also built up a membership of about 1 million people.
