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Socialism
Socialism is a political theory that says the community should own and manage property/natural resources rather than the individual. The industrial revolution brought economic and social change as the factory owners became wealthy, while the factory workers continued living in poverty. Socialism was created in response to this as an alternative way to improve the lives of the working class. -
James Watt
Watt was a Scottish inventor who improved the Newcomen Steam Engine with the Watt Steam Engine. The Watt Steam Engine was an early steam engine and was a driving force behind the industrial revolution. The Watt Steam Engine was designed to save fuel and use less than the Newcomen Steam Engine. -
Spinning Jenny
The spinning jenny was invented by James Hargraves in England. The spinning jenny was a multi-spindle spinning frame that led to the industrialization of textile production during the industrial revolution. The spinning jenny led to the creation of factory system cotton making. -
George Stephenson
Stephenson was an English engineer, who is known as the "Father of Railways". Stephenson created the rail gauge, also known as the Stephenson gauge, which became the standard gauge for all railroad travel. Stephenson created rail travel, a mode of transportation that moved goods/people on railroads rather than roads, and rail travel became a key component behind the industrial revolution. -
Communism
Communism is a political ideology in which their are no class systems. Communism grew from the socialist movement when its critics began blaming the capitalist nature of that society. Karl Marx and Fredrich Engels popularized the new meaning of communism throughout Europe with the publication of their pamphlet "The Communist Manifesto". -
Social Darwanism
SoCal Darwinism is a theory that people are subject to the same laws of Natural Selection created by Charles Darwin. Social Darwinism was used a way to justify political conservatism, and racism in the ninetieth-century. -
Social Gospel
The Social Gospel was a religious movement in the nineteenth-century. Ministers from the protestants branch of Christianity argued that people must emulate the life of Jesus Christ if they want to go to heaven through tying together the ideas of salvation and good works. Members of the social gospel movement believed the second-coming could not occur until humankind rid itself of all evils, similarly to what Jesus Christ did for us. -
Henry Bessemer
Bessemer was an English inventor who created the Bessemer Process. The Bessemer Process was the first inexpensive way to produce steel in the nineteenth-century. Due to this invention Bessemer became one of the most important inventors in the Second Industrial Revolution, the "Technological Revolution". -
Thomas Malthus
Malthus studied and wrote the book "An Essay on the Principle of Population". Malthus wrote about the increase in food production across Europe leading to an increase in population growth. He thought that the population would continue growing exponentially while other resources would not, and that became known as the "Malthusian Trap". He saw population growth as a restricting actor towards creating a utopian society. -
Social Democracy
Social democracy is a political ideology within socialism that supports political and economic democracy. Social democrats emerged after the death of Karl Marx, with a goal of creating socialism peacefully. This socialist party then renamed themselves the communist party creating a split within between the communist supporters and the democratic supporters. -
Dynamo
The dynamo was the first electrical generator that created direct currents to power industry. The invention of the dynamo led to the first major industrial uses of electricity. -
Guglielmo Marconi
Marconi was an Italian inventor who created a wireless telegraph system based off radio waves. Marconi then became the creator of the radio for which he won a Nobel Prize for in Physics with Karl Ferdinand Braun. -
Automobile
The automobile is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transportation. Karl Benz invented the first automobile powered with four-stroke engines. -
Airplane
The airplane is a mode of transportation that carries goods/people across the world through air travel. The Wright Brothers created the first sustained flight using similar engines to the original engines in the first automobiles. -
Assembly Line
The assembly line is a manufacturing process where parts are added as the product moves down the line. By having the product move from workstation to workstation the products were produced faster and with less labor.