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The most admired leader of the Mauryan Empire was its third king, Ashoka. Ashoka set out to expand the empire, but a massacre stopped him He converted to Buddhism, a religion of peace, and vowed to conquer not through military force but through moral teachings.
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Agriculture and interregional trade also helped the Guptas build an empire that enjoyed peace and prosperity
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Mughals were Muslim Turks with ethnic roots in Central Asia. Like the Ottoman and Safavid, the Mughals built a large empire with the aid of gunpowder weapons and an efficient, centralized government.
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The British presence in India began in 1612 when the East India Company opened a trading post on India’s northwest coast. By 1690, the company had two more posts on India’s east coast. Three of India’s most important cities developed from these trading centers
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The story of imperialism in South Asia is the story of the British in India. Until 1858, the British East India Company had administered colonial India. The Company’s control ended after the Great Rebellion, sometimes called the Indian Mutiny.
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Bengal was a region in northeastern India populated by 85 million people The intensity of the Hindu reaction concerned India’s Muslims, many of whom favored the division of Bengal. Especially troubling was the Hindus’ claim that Bengal was a Hindu land. To protect Muslim rights and promote loyalty to the British, Muslim elites formed the All-India Muslim League in 1906 They hoped that their organization would balance the power of the Indian National Congress, which Hindus dominated.
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Pakistan won its independence in 1947, when the British left India. Under the partition agreement, Pakistan and India, which had both been part of British India, became separate nations.
