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Dyer and his soldiers rained death on the people trapped in the field. The massacre convinced Indians of the evils of British rule.
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At age 19, he went to England to study law.
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After returning to India, he tried to set up his own law practice but soon joined an Indian law firm in South Africa. Some Indians has prospered, but many were poor.
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Gandhi applied non-violence to fight the British.
He also believed in civil disobediance, the refusal to obey unjust laws. -
Gandhi launched a series of nonviolent actions against British rule. He called for boycotts, textiles, and urged Indians to wear only cotton grown and woven in India.
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Gandhi offered a daring challenge to Britain. He set out to end the British salt monarchy. With 78 followers, he set out on a 240-mile march to the sea. The Salt March embarrassed Britain.
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Muhammad Ali Jinnah supported the idea of a separate Muslim State. Paskistan was the "land of the [ritually] pure."
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Britain outraged Indian leaders by postponing further action on independence and then bringing India into the war without consulting them. Many nationalists were jailed by the British for not cooperating.
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Independence could no longer be delayed. But a new tragedy unfolded as Hindu-Muslim violence raged on the Indian subcontinent.
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Riots between Hindus and Muslims helped convince Britain to divide the subcontinent. The British created Hindu India and Muslim Pakistan.
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Savage violence erupted when millions of Hindus and Muslims crossed the borders in both directions. Both groups were massacred by one another.
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Gandhi was shot and killed by a Hindu extremist. Gandhi's death discredited the extremists and helped end the worst violence. Still, Hindu-Muslim tensions persisted.
