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The treaty ended the Opium War between China and Britain. The agreement included China's payment to the British and the colonization of Hong Kong.
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Several Chinese men boarded the Arrow, a ship registered by Britain. The boat had an odd history considering that it was originally logged in Hong Kong, yet it sported a British flag.
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Britain and France pressured China to sign treaties with them that involved opening ports for Western use.
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When given unjust terms of peace (like Britain would be able to establish diplomatic legations in Beijing), previously closed to foreign ambassadorial presence., China refused to sign them and once their timeframe ran out, Britain and France were officially at war with the Chinese empire.
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During the Second Opium War, British troops ransacked and burned an emperor's summer residence. The Chinese soon surrendered and the war ceased.
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The United States enacted these policies to protect privileges when trading with China.
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A large group of Christians revolted in China. Both Chinese Christians and foreigners attempted to reside in the Legation Quarter.
