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On its way to ending it took over 60% of European Population. This jumped started the start of the Renaissance, because everyone was doubting that the church could help all the people dying. Renaissance
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The Great famine, a disastrous period of low agricultural production; a series of Summer droughts, Winter floods and crop diseases resulted in disastrous harvests that caused millions of people and animals across Europe to perish. Renaissance
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After 4 years of crop failure, disaster, weather, and hunger, life in starting to look up for all. This and the Bubonic Plague jump start the Renaissance. Renaissance
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Hangwu founds the Ming Dynasty in 1368, lasts to 1644. Renaissance
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Won control of the Florence Government with trickery. The supports of art helped make it a perfect example of the renaissance time. Reconnaissance
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One of the most astute thinkers in the time period. Makes great contributions to the art and science worlds. Renaissance
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Rome sent no aid and Constantinople fell in 1453 to Islam. Byzantine Christians fled West, bringing a storehouse of ancient writing, manuscripts, and biblical text. This not only introduced many Christians who were not loyal to the Pope, but also prepared the way for the learning that was to follow. Reformation
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With help of the first printing press with moving text, Gutenberg was the maker of the printing press. Reformation
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Michelangelo creates the first European sculpture of a large, free standing, nude , since ancient times. Called "David." Renaissance
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Cosimo Dies; family still controls Florence government. Renaissance.
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Lernzo The Magnificent still ruled as a dictator of Florence but still kept up the facade of election. Renaissance
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Da Vinci finishes the Mona Lisa, one of the most well known paintings in the world. Renaissance
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Martin Luther post the 99 theses on the door of the church. The 99 theses stated all of the problems with the church. Reformation
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Copernicus (1473-1543)
A Renaissance astronomer. The first person to formulate a comprehensive heliocentric cosmology. -
The Edict of Worms, signed by Emperor Charles V declared Martin Luther a heretic and placed him under an imperial ban. It also specified that all Luther's books were to be burned. Reformation
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Took the throne at 16. He married Anastasia and after she died he blamed the Boyars for the death of his wife and turned ageist them. He killed his oldest son and heir during a violent quarrel. Monarchs
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The Peace of Augsburg was a treaty between Charles V and the forces of Lutheran princes.
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John Calvin’s systematic theology The Institutes of the Christian Religion formed the basis for the adoption of Reformed theology in Europe and America. His theology is important because it was a visionary exposition of theology, whereas the other Reformers’ theologies were reactionary in nature, being forged in the midst of conflict. Reformation
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The Roman Catholic declarations following the Council of Trent eliminated virtually any hope for reconciliation between the Catholic Church and the Protestant movement. The enormity of this council’s output served to codify Roman Catholic theology for the next four centuries, forming the Tridentine period of Roman Catholicism. Reformation
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The Catholic mob violence against the Huguenots that lasted for several months claimed the lives of thousands of French Protestants. This event was a turning point in the French Wars of Religion, as it radicalized the Huguenot movement. Reformation
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In 1580 the king of Portugal died and Phil II seized the Portuguese kingdom. Counting Portuguese strongholds in Africa, India, and the East Indies. His empire the encircled the globe. Monarchs
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This event was one of the most hopeful signs that the Reformation would eventually end with different religious groups coexisting peacefully. This innovative act of tolerance formed the basis for the modern-day secular society of freedom of religion. Reformation
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Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
An English philosopher, statesman, scientist, lawyer, jurist, author and pioneer of the scientific method. Served both as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England. -
Miguel de Cervantes publishes Don Quixote de la Mancha. An epic parody of Gulliver’s travels. Monarchs
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In the seventeenth century. The American colonies separate from their England overlords and become the United States of America. One of the main reasons that the English left the mother country was because of the exceedingly high taxes.
Monarchs
from their England overlords and become the United States of America. One of the main reasons that the English left the mother country was because of the exceedingly high taxes. Monarchs -
Germany was invaded by the imperial armies of Austria and then by the Swedish army who came to help the Protestants. Society broke down in this period and two-thirds of the population died through warfare, famine and plague. Monarchs
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Rene Descartes (1596-1650)
A French philosopher and writer. Spent most of his adult life in the Dutch Republic. He is considered the “Father of Modern Philosophy.” -
Palace of Versailles. The age of twenty-three, Louis XIV was the untested ruler of the most powerful nation in the world. . (They started building the actual Palace in 1662 and in 1682 the King Louis XIV and Queen (Madame de Maintenon, his second wife) and their whole court moved in 2 Oct 1776.
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Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
An Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher. Played a major role in the Scientific Revolution. Was called the "father of modern observational astronomy", the "father of modern physics", and the "father of science." Scientific REV -
Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)
An English philosopher. Best known today for his work on political philosophy. His book Leviathan established the foundation for most of Western political philosophy. -
Louis XIV begins to rule France With the mighty military of France, he managed to reshape the map of Europe and curve the ambitions of over-ambitious monarchs. At the age of twenty-three, Louis XIV was the untested ruler of the most powerful nation in the world. Monarchs
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After eight years of struggle, the series of treaties known as 'The Peace of Westphalia' was signed in Münster, by Emperor Frederick III. This was the start of the separation of church and state. Calvinists were added to the list of tolerated religions, which brought increased stability. Reformation
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After 30 years of fighting the war is over. Monarchs
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Peter implemented sweeping reforms aimed at modernizing Russia. Heavily influenced by his advisers from Western Europe, Peter reorganized the Russian army along modern lines and dreamed of making Russia a maritime power. Monarchs
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Isaac Newton (1642-1727)
An English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian.Considered by many to be the greatest and most influential scientist who ever lived. Scientific REV -
John Locke (1632-1704)
An English philosopher and physician. Regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers. Considered one of the first of the British empiricists -
Voltaire (1694-1778)
French historian and philosopher. Early supporter of the freedoms of religion and trade, and the separation of church and state. -
Prussian king Frederick the Great begins seven years’ war against Austria. The Seven Years War, a global conflict known in America as the French and Indian War, officially begins when England declares war on France. However, fighting and skirmishes between England and France had been going on in North America for years. Monarchs
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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)
Austrian composer. Best known for his extraordinary talent at a very young age. Scientific REV -
Ludvig Van Beethoven (1770-1827)
German pianist and composer. A known figure in the transformation of Romantic to Classical music.
