History of the Catholic Church in Australia By themanhimself11 Jan 18, 1788 First Fleet lands May 15, 1803 First public mass by Fr. Dixon Jan 1, 1821 Construction of first Catholic church at Richmond, Tasmania Jan 1, 1835 Bede Polding becomes Australia’s first Catholic bishop May 5, 1838 Arrival of Caroline Chisholm in Australia Jan 1, 1848 The Catholic Church in Australia is divided into provinces and dioceses Jan 1, 1866 Mary McKillop and Fr. Julian Tenison Woods found Sisters of St. Joseph Jan 1, 1901 Federation of Australian States Period: May 5, 1914 to May 6, 1918 First World War May 5, 1939 St Patrick's Cathedral completed Period: May 5, 1939 to May 6, 1945 Second World War