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Excluded from schools
Before the 1950s, many students with disabilities were excluded from attending public schools (Teaching Students Who Are Exceptional, Diverse, and at Risk in the General Education Classroom + Myeducationlab With Enhanced Pearson Etext, 2017).
Base on the categorization of the students disabilities from sever to moderate, they were either home or institutionalized. Those that had learning disabilities drop out of school and most likely did not return to complete for graduation. -
Brown v. Board of Education in 1954
A case that help students with disabilities to attend and benefit from public school education.
“The Supreme Court ruled that school segregation by race was not constitutional, even if resources were allotted equally. Pg.4)” http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/brown-v-board-of-education-of-topeka -
Department of public Welfare v. Haas
Court case that's in favor for excluding students with disabilities from receiving a public school education. The case however work in favor for those students, advocated where now able to advocate for all students to received a public education. -
Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia
Another case where students with disabilities were denied public education. This case would later be influential during the drafting of P.L. 94-142 in 1975. The court however rules to ensure that all students have equal rights to free public education regardless of the cost to provide it. -
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act in 1975
With the passage of P.L. 94-142 in 1975, Schools were required to provide free public education to all students regardless of their disability. Students with learning disabilities would now received the proper resource for them to received a special education. https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/94/s6/summary#libraryofcongress -
Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments (P.L. 99-457)
Gave the opportunity for children between the age of 3-5 with disabilities to attend school. -
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) (P.L. 101-336)
Pass by Congress and is consider the first Civil Rights law addressing the needs of people with disabilities, fight against discrimination in employment, public services, public accommodations and telecommunications.
The ADA doesn't have a exclusive list of conditions covered by the ADA but in the act someone who has "a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities; has a record of such an impairment, or regards as having such an impairment." -
Cedar Rapids v. Garret F.
Requires school board to provide continuous nursing services to disable students who need them during the school day.
This service was to be rendered at no cost to the parents. -
No child Left Behind Act (NCLB)
was a U.S. Act of congress hat reauthorizes the elementary and secondary Education Act; it included Title 1 provisions applying to disadvantage students.
The main focus of NCLB is to closed student achievement gaps by providing all children with a fair, equal, and significant opportunity to obtain a high quality education. NCLB requires each state to establish academic standards and a state testing system that meet federal requirement. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA) (P.L. 108-446)
This act is to make sure that all students with disability received the necessary education through special education and related services.
IDEA had about 13 separate category of disabilities under which students may be eligible for special education and related services.
