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Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus challenged he view that the sun revolved around the Earth, suggesting instead that the Earth revolves around the sun.
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English scientists Sir Isaac Newton formulated the laws of gravity and motion.
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Most historians of psychology point to the year 1879 as the bginning of psychology as a modern laboratory science. In that year, German psychologist Wilhelm Wundt established his laboratory in Leipzig.
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William James wrote the book Principles of Psychology. He focued on the relationships between experience and behavior.
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John Watson founded the school of behaviorism, Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of observable behavior.
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He founded the school of psychoanalysis which emphasizes the importance of unconscious motices and internal conflicts in determining human behavior.
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In 1946 The Clarks founded the Northside Center for Chiled Development. Kenneth and Mamie Clark's clinical work led to several studies showing the negative effect of segregation on the self-esteem of African American children.
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Plato was a student of Socrates in ancient Greece, and he recorded his teacher's advice: "Know thyself." This phrase has remained a motto of psychological study ever since.
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Aristotle, one of Plato's students and a Greek philosopher, raised many questions about human behavior that are still discussed . He outlined the laws of associationism, which are still at the heart of learning theory more than 2000 years later.
