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Francesco Redi
First scientist to challenge the theory of spontaneous generation by demonstrating that maggots come from eggs of flies. -
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Best known for his work on the improvement of the microscope and for his contributions towards the establishment of microbiology. -
John Needham
He did experiments with gravy and later, tainted wheat, in containers. This was in order to experiment with spontaneous generation. -
Lazarro Spallanzani
Interpreting digestion, a process of chemical solution, and helped disprove the concept of spontaneous generation. -
Edward Jenner
An English scientist from Berkeley, Gloucestershire, he was the founder of smallpox vaccine. -
Theodor Schwann
development of cell theory, discovered Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system, discovered the organic nature of yeast, and invented the term metabolism. -
Ignaz Semmelweiss
Introduced hand disinfection standards in obstetrical clinics. -
John Tyndall
Famous for the study of diamagnetism. Later he made some discoveries in the realms of infrared radiation and the physical properties of air. -
Louis Pasteur (pasteurization)
Pasteurization is the process of heating liquids for the purpose of destroying bacteria, protozoa, molds, and yeasts. -
Louis Pasteur (vaccine)
He inoculated chickens with the attenuated form and demonstrated that the chickens were resistant to the fully virulent strain. Pasteur directed all his experimental work toward the problem of immunization. -
Joseph Lister
By applying Louis Pasteur's advances in microbiology, he promoted sterile surgery. He successfully introduced carbolic acid to sterilise surgical instruments and to clean wounds, which led to a reduction in post-operative infections and made surgery safer for patients -
Friedrich Schroder, Theodor von Dusch
Air allowed to enter flask but only after passing through a heated tube or sterile wool -
Robert Koch
Founder of modern bacteriology, known for his role in identifying the specific causative agents of tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax. -
Charles Chamberland
He developed the Chamberland filter, a device that made use of an unglazed porcelain bar.The filter had pores that were smaller than bacteria, thus making it possible to pass a solution containing bacteria through the filter, and having the bacteria completely removed from the solution. -
Oswald T. Avery, Colin M. MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty
The Avery–MacLeod–McCarty experiment was an experimental demonstration showing that DNA is the substance that causes bacterial transformation. -
Girolamo Fracastoro,
He studied epidemic diseases and attributed their spread to tiny particles that could transmit infection by direct or indirect contact or even without contact over long distances. -
Aristotle
Aristotle is one of the most important founding figures in Western philosophy. Aristotle's writings were the first to create a comprehensive system of Western philosophy,
