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The first school museum opens and begins the trend of Instructional Media for enhanced learning.
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A teachers' guide to lantern slides and stereographs is published.
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The first catalog of instructional films viewed via motion picture projector is published.
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Thomas Edison makes the claim that knowledge will be taught by motion picture and books will soon have no use in education.
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Visual Instruction grows in popularity in academia and industry as a means of learning and training. 5 professional organizations are created.
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Occurring through the 1920's and 1930's, radio and stereographs help kick start the Audiovisual Instruction Movement. Journals are published and training institutions are established.
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Commercial interests in V.I. decline and lose over $50 million. Professional organizations merge into one, DVI now called the Association for Educational Communications and Technology. (AECT)
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As the Visual Instruction movement starts to fade, 3 national professional organizations merge into one, the Department of Visual Instruction (DVI) which is now called the Association for Educational Communications and Technology. (AECT)
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Written by Charles F. Hoban, Sr. Charles F. Hoban Jr., and Stanley Zissman
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WWII- training materials are based on research of instruction, learning and human behavior. Training is viewed as a system and used analysis, design, and evaluation procedures.
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Behavioral Learning Theory from Skinner. Learning is a behavioral response.
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A/V devices were used extensively in WWII. Filmstrips and training films. Overhead projectors, slide projectors, audio equipment, simulators, and training devices.
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Edgar Dale elaborated on the hierarchy of AV materials.
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Researchers at IBM start work on CAI in the early 1950s. CAI used in public schools and universities in the 1960s.
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Skinner's "The Science of Learning and the Art of Teaching" changes education. (1954)
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Educational television channels created. Financial support of public tv rather than in-school applications of instructional tv.
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Benjamin Bloom's Taxonomy
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Robert Mager introduces writing objectives for PI.
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Instructional design used to describe learning models.
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During this time, instructional technology is seen more as a process for solving instructional problems rather than only associated with media.
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Glaser creates criterion-referenced measures using baseline data and learned behaviors.
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Gagne introduces learning task analysis.
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Silvern developed the General Systems Theory as one of the first systematic instructional design models.
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Environment is important role in learning. Sensory, memory load, working memory,
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Many instructional design models being created use the 5 steps of the ADDIE process. Analysis, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate.
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US Military, academia, business and industry use ID to improve training. Graduate programs in ID are developed.
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Computers were being used in most schools but impact was small.
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Cognitive psychology in relation to ID peaks interests. Computer based instruction increases and relation to ID in brought to attention.
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Real world tasks and constructivism. Computers used for training AND to improve on the job performance. Computer based knowledge management systems.
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Learning is an active, collaborative process and originates as a natural problem solving process.
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Ride in internet for instruction, online courses, mobile devices, social media, performance support tools. More efficient ID needed.
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Huge increase in online instruction and class enrollment.
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Online instruction for job training widely used,
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Successive Approximation Model was developed by Allen to overcome the shortcomings of the ADDIE model.
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Developed by Merrill to show the ripple effect of the process of instructional design.
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64% of college students use smartphones for school.