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Tracing back to the beginning of the 20th century, school museums were the first use of media for educational purposes. Instructional media was the primary tool for presenting instruction.
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Most of the visual media presented in the school museums were films, slides, and photographs. This increasing use of visual aids was known as the "visual instruction" or "visual education" movement.
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Advances in sound recording, radio, and sound motion pictures became more popular, thus increasing the use of instructional media. This expanding field became known as the " Audiovisual instruction movement". On the contrary, radio did not become as popular as people were expecting, with textbooks becoming more prevalent.
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1943-1945- Audiovisual devices were used in the military. During the war the air force produced film strips and training films. The films helped prepare civilians for war.
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A half-track is a military vehicle with regular wheels in the front for steering and ones at the back to carry things and propel the vehicle.
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POST 1945- After the media success from WW2, there was an increase in interest in using audiovisual devices in the schools.
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It was realized that Television could be a great help in providing educational media to people.
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The growth of using TV as a way to provide instructional media was started by the 1952 setting aside by the Federal Communications Commission of educational channels and the ford foundation funding.
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Author Benjamin Bloom and his colleagues wrote a book that identified various types of learning outcomes which would have an effect on the type of instructional designs.
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in 1957 the soviet union launched sputnik- the first orbiting space satellite. After the successful launch, the us government put millions of dollars into improving math and science education.
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Created in order to determine desired learning behaviors, conditions in which the behaviors are to be performed and the standards to be judged by.
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1960s: A test intended to measure how well an individual can perform a particular set or behavior, irrespective of how well others perform.
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1950s-1960s: It was thought people would learn better through programmed instructions. Material was revised based on feedback from people, including responses to questions and weaknesses.
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Indicated that instruction should be created well enough to allow someone to complete one skill before moving onto the next skill.
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A book written by Robert Gagne describing the five domains, verbal information, intellectual and psycho motor skills, attitudes and cognitive strategies.
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9 teaching activities included in the book, that gagne considered essential for promoting the attainment of any type of learning outcome.
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The process of testing out instructional material before it goes public so educators could see how effective it would be.
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Programs are assessed at the end of a cycle.
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Cognitive psychology is :the study of mental processes such as "attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and thinking." The impact on instructional design was small.
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When learners construct knowledge out of their experiences.
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In the 1950s, researchers at IBM developed one of the first programs to be used with computers in public schools. Thus starting a huge interest in using computers for educational purposes.
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Coming from the computers was the internet, leading an increase in the use of the internet for business and industry purposes. Using the internet for instructional purposes has rapidly grown in educational purposes and the military use.
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The day Olivia Gaber was born
