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Supernatural spirits -
Exorcisms
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Digitalis- used for heart
Quinine- used for fevers
Belladonna and atropine- used for gi pain
Morphine- used for pain -
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Health records- earliest to hold accurate records
Who are physicians?- the priests were their physicians
How did they heal?- splinted fractures, and used bloodletting (with leeches) -
Used acupuncture to treat illness -
They were the first to realize illness might be caused by natural things rather than spiritual
Religious customs did not allow them to dissect bodies
Hippocrates wrote an oath for medical ethics that is still used today -
Used a sanitation system learned from Greeks
First to organize medical care
Beginning of public hospitals to care for sick -
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The church believed life and death should only be in God’s hands
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Prayer and herbal mixtures
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The bubonic plague, and other diseases broke out and killed millions of people -
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Universities and medical schools were built for research of medical topics
They began to accept dissection of the body for medical purposes
Books made knowledge and research for these topics more accessible -
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Studied and recorded anatomy of the body -
Discovered fallopian tubes
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Discovered tube going from ear to throat
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Described blood circulation, and heart pumping
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Invented the microscope and discovered tooth decaying bacteria
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Early pharmacies
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Discovered bifocals and found that colds were contagious -
Students used things like dissection of a deceased human to advance medical research
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Discovered the element oxygen, and made advancements in respiration studies
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Discovered a method of vaccination for smallpox
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Invented the stethoscope
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Identified cause of childbed fever
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Made nursing how it is today -
Discovered microorganisms are everywhere
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Discovered some viruses are caused by microorganisms
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First doctor to use antiseptic during surgery
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Developed asepsis
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Developed culture plate method to identify pathogens, and introduced an importance of sanitation to stop diseases spreading
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Discovered how medicine effected disease
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Discovered X-rays
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Before the nineteenth century anesthesia wasn’t use during surgery, and later on it was discovered which caused less death and pain
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Discovered penicillin
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Discovered unconscious and conscious parts of peoples minds
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Discovered sulfonamide compounds
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Discovered a method of vaccination for poliomyelitis
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Created a better poliomyelitis vaccination
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Discovered molecular structure of DNA -
Performed first successful heart transplant
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Good at separating Siamese twins and brain surgeries to stop seizures
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Helps to kill cancerous cells and leave healthy cells alone -
Facial transplants allow for people to get a transplant for part or all of a human face
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Artificial liver and kidneys grown -
Gene therapy used to eliminate hemophilia B
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Created from stem cells