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Jan 1, 1000
Paleo
The Paleo Period was 12,000 years ago. They hunted large animals. Some of the animals they hunted were mammoths, large bison, wild horses, moose, and elk. They would also gather fish and wild plant foods when they were near water. -
Jan 1, 1000
Archaic
They lived approximately 7,000 years ago. They hunted small animals. Som of the animals hunted included deer, turkey, and bear. During this tinme perioed they also depended on fish and on gathering nuts and berries. The bow and arrow was first developed by the archaic. -
Jan 1, 1000
Woodland
This era was from 1000 B.C to A.D 1000. They began to plant and harvest crops. Some of the crops were sunflowers, squash, gourds and maize, and early type of corn. They also began to hunt white tal deer with bow and arrows. they built villages along stream valleys. -
Period: Mar 1, 1000 to
Mississippian Period
This era was from 1000-1600 A.D. They relied on corn and beans. During this era they also planted and harvested crops like squash. The crops that they harvested had nutrients which were in their diet. Most of the mississippian had temple mounds, earthern mounds, and ramps up the side. -
Mar 1, 1540
Hernando de Soto
Hernando de Soto enters Georgia searching for gold. He captured and killed many natives. He also brought diseases such as chicken pox and measles. He died at the side of a river, but his expedition failed since he didn't find any gold -
Charter of 1732
A charter is a legal document that grants special rights or privileges. King George II granted all lands between the Svannah and Altamaha Rivers extending west to the south seas (pacific ocean) to James Oglethorpe and Trustees. Catholics, blacks, liqour dealers and lawyers were not allowed in this colony. Trustees could only have authority for a limited time and couldn't pass laws without King's permission. They also couldn't own lands, hold political office, or be paid for their work. -
Georgia Founded by James Oglethorpe
James Oglethorpe was an English man. He cared for and helped those who were in trouble. He wanted a new colony for thre reason which were charity, economics, and defense. Oglethorpe and 21 trustees lead the way to the new colony. -
SalzBurgers Arrive
They were protestants of the Catholic church. They were followers of a man named Martin Luther, the first protestant. They settled between the Savannah River and Ebenezer Creek. They mmoved from there for better soil annd settled in a place they called new Ebenezer. -
Highland Scots Arrive
They were recruited because of their attitudes and the qualities they had. Their purpose was to defend the colony of Georgia. They were carefully picked by the trustees. They had military backgrounds which helped them protect the colony, -
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John Reynolds
John Reynolds was the first royal governor of Georgia. He structed a government, which was the court system.. He resisted charges to authority. Reynolds also created a lot of conflict and dissatisfaction. Also during his time as governor there was great distress, loss of revenue, and he gave Georgia a negative image. John Reynolds was a very weak governor. -
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Henry Ellis
Henry Ellis was the second governor of Georgia. He developed: a self-government, the first counties in Georgia, and a friendship with the Creel Nation. He also sponsored a legislation that divided the province into eight parishe, each with delegates to the assembly. Although he was a strong government his poor health forced him out of Georgia. -
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James Wright
James Wright was the third royal governor of Georgia. He helped colonists keep down the revolution after it started. He also encouraged frontier settlement and started the stamp act Georgia which set off Revolution in Georgia. James Wright fled Georgia in 1776 but in 1779 he returned to Savannah. -
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American Revolution
When the French and Indian War was over Britain had war debt and issued taxes on colonists.The Proclamation of 1763 brought more taxes on the colonists. The Intolerable Acts were created closed Boston's ports until all the tea was paid for,colonists couldn't hold any public meetings,any crimes comitted by colonists would be tried in England,and the Quatering Ac made colonists provide housing and supplies for Brit. troops.Dec of Independence stated why colonists should be free from Britain. -
Austin Dabney
Austin Dabney was a freeborn mulatto, whixh means of mixed parentage.He was the first non-white from Georgia to fight in the Revolution. Dabney was injured during the battle. He received land in Madison County for his services in the Georgia militia. -
Elijah Clarke and the Battle of Kettle Creek
Elijah Clarke led the troops to Kettle Creek. He defeated a group of 800 british soldiers.. During the Battle of Kettle Creek patriots took needed weapons and raised the spirits of the Georgia militia. Clarke County was named after Elijah Clarke -
Articles of Confederation Ratified by all 13 states
The Articles of confederation were the first form of constitution for the new nation. These articles gave too much power to the states. Congress could not do a lot of things. The States did not agree on everuthing the srticles said. The reason for the revision of the articles was due to the centart gov't having too little power. -
University of Georgia Established
The University of Georgia was established on January 27,1785. It was the first state supported University in the U.S. It was established in the city of athens, which was named after the center of learning Athens Greece. Abraham Baldwin was the first president of the university. -
Constitutional Convention
The Constitutional Convention was to discuss the problems with the Articles of Confederation. It was held at Philadelphia's State House. The Four Delegates from Georgia at the Convention were Abraham Baldwin, Wlliam Few, William Houstoun, and William Leigh Pierce. Both Abraham Baldwin and William Few played greater roles than William Houstoun and William L. Piece. -
Georgia Ratifies U.S Constitution
The two representativest to sign the constitution were Abraham Baldwin and William Few. Georgia ratified the new constitution for selfish reasons. Georgia wanted the federal government to have the powere to unite the country. Georgia also needed and wanted the federal government to help fight natives in order for Georgia to move westward onto new land. Georgia was the fourth state to ratify the constitution. -
Invention of the Cotton Gin
In April,1793 Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin. The machine could seperate seeds qucker than before.. Before this machine it took hundreds of men and hours to clean the cotton. AFter it 50lbs. of cotton were cleaned daily and the demand doubled every decade.When the production started increasing, Georgia began to heavily rely on slave labor. -
Yazoo Land Fraud
Private Land Companiesbribed the governor and legislators to sell public lands below market price. When settlers found out about this they became angered and started to protest. They also wanted the resignition of the legislators and governor, who were bribed. Finally they were voted out of office and as a penalty Georgia had to repay the federal government for the fraud. -
Capital moved to Louisville
Savannah and Augusta served as the first two capitals. It then moved to a more central location geographically and population wise. It was named after King Louis XVI of France, a war ally. Louisville served as the capital from 1796-1806. -
Missouri Compromise
The purpose was to maintain balance between free and slave state. Missouri was admitted as a slave state while Maine as a free state. The 36'30 line bordered between slave and free, the south was slave states and the north was free states. This issue started to divide the nation -
Dahlonega Gold Rush
Gold was discovered in Dahlonega in the summer of 1829. As a result of this Georgia passed two laws. The first law made Cherokee laws null and void. Cherokee were not allowed to speak against white men and violence could be taken against Cherokee. The secon law stated that the Cherokee had no right to lands and due to this many lost land and legal rights. -
Indian Removal Act
The Insian Removal Act was signed on May 28, 1830. This act allowed to trade existing land in the states for unsettled land west of the Mississippi. Some of the tribes living on that land willingly left but others were forced out. Their refusal led to the Trail of Tears. -
Worcester v. Georgia
All whites living on Cherokee land had to take an oath of allegience to the governor. Eleven of those missionersrefused, including Samuel Worcerster, and they were put in jail. The case was taken to the Supreme cout, who ruled in favor of Worcester. The president and governor did not enforce the ruling, so at the end they all signed the allegience. -
Trail of Tears
On July 6, 1838 General Scott arrived with 7,000 troops.After they began to force the indians out, many of the Indians died from diseases and starvation. Some of the Cherokee escaped and hid in the North Carolina Mountains. The rest of the Cherokee rounded up and moved out west. About 4,000 or more indians died during the Trail of Tears. -
Compromise of 1850
California wanted to eneter the Union. As a result of this the Compromise of 1850 was created. Both the North and South benefited from this compromise. For the North, California entered as a free state and slave trading ended in D.C. The south received the "Fugitive Slave Act" -
Fugitive Slave Law
The Fugitive Slave Law was passed to allow the capture of runaway slaves to return them to their owners. If slaves refused to be captured, harsh punishments were given to them. At first the south was happy but then later on the number of runaway slaves icreased, and the escaped to another country. The North however, actually helped slaves runaway. -
Kansas Nebraska Act
Kansas and Nebarska were both organized into territories. After this a law passed indicating that they could vote on wethere they wanted to be a free or slave state, also called "Popular Sovereighty. The South was happy about this decision.. As for the Norththey were furious because it completely changed the Missouri Comproise -
Dred Scott Case
Dred Scott was a slave and when his owner took him to a free state, he claimed that he was free. He took this to court but the court ruled against him because he was a slave and slaves couldn't sue. The south were happy about this decission.However the north were angered by this, -
Election of 1860
In the Election of 1860 was won by Abraham Lincoln. When he won the election, the South was not happy because he was agressively anti-slavery. The Southern states decided to secede from the Union. This Secession led to the civil war. -
Sibley Comission
The Sibley Comission was the study of how the public viewed intergregation. A bill presented by Governor Vandiver accepted the suggestion of the Sibley Comission.Each school system decided on wether or not they wanted intergragation o not. This led to the creation of private schols. -
Georgia seceds from the Union
Georgia decided to secede from the Union after President Lincoln was elected, and join the Confederate States.Georgia, as well as other southern states, believed that Lincoln and his Republican Part were aggessively anti-slavery. The secession of Georgia and other southern states led them to war. This war was known as the Cili War -
Battle of Antietam
The South and North armies both collided in Antietam near Sharpsburg,Maine. This led to the bloodiest one-day battle of the Civil War in which the Union took victory. There were 23,00 soldiers either wounded , missing or dead. This battle gave Lincoln the oppurtunity to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. -
Battle if Gettysburg
This battle took place in Gettysburg Pennsylvania. It was the turning point of the Civil War. The victory was won by the Union. This battle was one of the bloodiest battles. At the end there were fifty-one casualites. The battle lasted three days from July 1-3. -
Battle of Chickamauga
Union General William Roseerans led troops against Confederate General Braxton Bragg. Bragg's army defeated the Union forces and forced them back to Tennessee. Bragg did not follow up on Union retreat and by November of 1863, GeneralUlysses Grant arrived with more troops and recaptured Chattanoya, forcing Bragg to retreat South to Dalton. -
Andersonville
The Andersonville Prison was mostly known as Camp Sumter It held prisoners during the American Civil war. Many f these prisoners died from the terrible conditions of the prison. Some odf those conditions were malnutrition, diseases, exposure to chemicals, and many other conditions. Some of the prisoners tried to escape the prison by making underground tunels, but they were never succesful. -
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Sherman's March to the Sea
Sherman's army quickly moved through the state heading for Savannah, burning everything in path after leaving Atlanta- Jovanna Sherman destroyed all military targets and the civilian economic system. Sherman gave Savannah to Lincoln as a Christmas ptresent. -
The 13th Amendment
The 13th ammendment officially abolished slavery. It was passed by congress on January 31. 1865 and it was submitted to states for ratification. It was then ratified by all states on December 6,1865. The ratification of the ammendment was made a requirement for all souther states in order to rejoin the union by President Andrew Jackson. -
The 14th Ammendment
The 14th Ammnedment granted citizenship to the freed and forbade any state from denying anyone the equal protection of the law. This ammendment expanded the protection of civil rights to all Americans. The 14th ammendment took a longer process of legal action than any of the other ammendments. The Ammendment was passed by Congress on June 8, 1866, and was ratified on July 9, 1868. -
The 15th Ammendment
The 15th Ammendment granted all male citizens the right to vote regardless of color, or previous condition of servitude. The promise of this ammendment took almost a century to be full realized. The reason was because they used disanfranchisement on African Americans by putting a poll tax, literacy tests, and the grandpa clause. This ammendment was passed on February 26, 1869 and was layer ratified on february 3, 1870. -
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Jim Crow Laws
The Jim Crow Laws discriminated blacks and seperated them from whites to have the least posible contact with eachother. Some examples were seperate schols, water fountains,restrooms, and waiting rooms. Although the laws stated "seperate but equal", blacks were never given equality. The Jim Crow Laws started out well but later on wwere ruled illegal due to the both cases, the Plessy v. Furgeson case, and the Brown v. Board of Education. -
International Cotton Esposition
Henry Grady came up with the idea to create an exposition to draw more pople into Atlanta. The International Cotton Expositon was held in Atlanta, Georgi. It was held to promote industry in Atlanta. It was important because, This Exposition lasted from October 5-December 31, 1881. -
Plessy v. Furgeson
A seven-eigths man sat in the white carm on a train and when they told him to move he refused , so they decided to put him in jail. Plessy then decided to file a case and take it to the Supreme Court/ The Supreme Court ruled the "seperate but equal" legal. -
1906 Atlanta Riot
The riot started when newspapers published false statements about blacks. Mobs of white people assaulted blacks by destroying their business. In this riot many blacks were killed, three of those which were beaten to death. This riot lasted about three days, September 22-24 -
Leo Frank Case
This case was one of the biggest cases in America. Leo Frank,a Jew, along with Jim Conley were accused of the murder of the young Mary Phagan. The court ruled against Leo Frank due to his nervousness. Fran was later on killed by an angry mob of people, also known as the K.K.K. -
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World War 1
When the war started, the United States planned to stayed neutral. The United States accidently received a telegram from Zimmerman. The telegram was coded telegram about an attack on germany. Another reason the U.S entered the war was because of the sinking of the Lousitania. Georgia played a nig part in WW1, it was home to a lot of the training camps. -
Rebecca L. Felton
Rebecca Latimer Felton was the first woman to serve in the Senate. Her spouse William Felton was servingin the United Statea Senate when he passes away. So when he did, Rebecca Felton was honored, by putting her into office. She was in office until they found a replacement. Although she was in office for only one day, she is still considered the first woman to be in the U.S. Senate. -
Black Tuesday
Black Tuesday was one of the most horrible stock markets in the United States history. One of the main reasons why it crashed was because people were investing that they didn't even own. Black tuesday is one of the reasons as to why the United States fell into the Great Depression. This event not only affected people in the United States, but it also affected people around the world. -
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The Great Depression
One of the causes of the Great Depression was that people were borrowing more money than they could afford to pay later on. A ot of factories produced more things than they could actually sell. After WW1, Americans wanted to trade, but the Us, as well as other nations, had encated tariffs. Another cause was the speculation of the stock market. Although most states fell into Depression in 1929, Georgia was already in Depression in the early 1920's. -
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Holocaust
The Holocaust was the murderer of millions of Jews during WW2. A lot of jewish leaders were from Georgia like Jacob Rothschild and Harold Hirsch. The Holocaust had a small impact on Georgia but it left a lasting impact on Georgia and Jwish heritage is celebrated in the state. -
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Roosevelt's New Deal
The new deal was created to help the United States recover from the Great Depression. One of the programs was the AAA, which gave money to those farmers who reduced their land, this helped prices go up since it was in high demand. Another program was the CCC, which helped farmers live more independently. There are many other programs that were in the New Deal. -
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World War 2
When President Roosevelt watched as Japan, Italy, the Soviet Union and Germany, carved up the world, he wanted to help Great Britain, since it was an ally. To keep the U.S. out of war, Congress passed the Neutrally Acts. One of the acts, prevented the president to sell weapons to any warring nation. Roosevel asked for and receceived a law that allowed Allied Powers to buy any arms, if they payed cash. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, was the reason why the U.S. entered the war. -
Pear Harbor Attacked
The United States was not in war, because theydecided to stay out of this war since they had just gooten out of WW1. The Japanese decided to surprise the United States by attacking them.So on the morning of October 7, when everything seemed to be fine tha Japanese decided to startbombing Pearl Harbor. This attack led the United States to enter the war. -
Brown vs. Board of Education
This case was held when Linda Brown tried to enroll in an all whites school in Topeka Kansas. The Supreme Court ruled the"seperate but equal" law unconstitutional. The racial inergregation of schools was a slow process. This case completely overturned the Plessy v. Furgeson case. -
First African Americans at UGA
The first african american students at UGA were Hamlton Holmews and Charlayne Hunter. There were a lot of angered citizens when this happened. Although citizens were angry about it, they actually took better than other states. -
Albany Movement
The Albany Movement was to desegregate schools.It was also to receive better voting rights for African Americans. This movement was formed by the Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee(SNCC) and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People(NAACP). This was also when Martin Luther King was arrested. -
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1996 Olympic Games
The 1996 Olymipic Games were hosted by Atlanta and other surrounding cities. It brought money, exposure, and resources to Georgia.The new buildings for the games were used by Ga even after the games were over. There was a terrorist attack during the games that detonated a bomb in Olympic Park.
