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The Paleo hunted large animals. They used spears. They ate mammoths, bison, ground sloth, and the saber tooth tiger. The Paleo period was about 12,000 years ago.
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The Archaic Indians lived in 8000 BC- 1000BC. They gathered and hunted. They gathered berries and nuts. They hunted fish, deer, turkey,and bear. Scientists believe they were the first culture of Georgia.
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The Woodland Indians lived in 1000 BC- 1000 AD. They grew crops. Woodland Indians used bow and arrows as weapons. They hunted things such as deer.
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The Mississippian Indians lived in 1000 AD- 1600 AD. The grew crops such as corn and beans. They made axes as weapons. They hunted and fished ,and they gathered berries and nuts.
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De Soto enters Georgia in search of gold. While searching for gold he finds Native Americans. Mnay of the Indians die or they are taken captive. Meny die because of European diseases, and some die because of cruelty. De Soto himself dies on the journey as a failure finding no gold.
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A legal document that grants special rights and privlages is a charter. The charter of 1732 granted James Oglethorpe and the trustees all land between the Svannah River and the Altamaha Rivers extending west the the Pacific Ocean. They only allowed certain people to have authority.
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On November 17, 1732 the ship Anne left for the New World with 130 passengers. On Febuary 12, 1733 James Oglethorpe landed at the Yamacraw Bluff. Mary Musgrove interpreted the English words to Tomochichi, the cheif of the Yamacraw.
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Salzburgers from Austria arrived looking for religious freedom. They were presecuted by the Catholics, and Oglethorpe gave them land on the Savannah River. They named the town Enemezer, but soon moved for better soil. They settled in a place they called New Ebenezer.
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James Oglethorpe recruited the Highland Scots. He recruited them because they are ruthless ,and are not scared of the Spanish. They settled near the the Altamaha River. They protected the boundaries of the colonies.
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John Reynolds was the first royal governor. He structured the government, but he was a weak governor. Reynolds resisted challenges of authority. The colonists had great distress, and the colony lost revenue.
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Henry Ellis is the second royal governor of Georgia. He developed delf government, and a friendship with the Creek Nation. Ellis was the first to develop counties in Georgia. Poor health forced him out of office.
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James Wright was the third governor. He was a popular governor. Wright enforced the stam act in Georgia, setting off the revolution. He helped keep down the revolution in Georgia. He encouraged frontier development. Wright fled Georgia in 1776 and returned to Savannah in 1779.
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There were 4 causes to the American Revolution. The French and Indian war causes great war debt. The Proclomation of 1763 was a law by the British prohibiting settlement in the west. The Intolerable Acts was because of the British Tea Party. The Declaration of Independence stated reasons the colony should be free of British rule.
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Elijah Clarke led troops at the Battle of Kettle Creek. He defeated 800 British soliders. Our soliders took needed weapons and horses. The win also boosted the spirits of the Georgia militia.
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Austin Dabney was a freeborn mulatto. Dabney was the first non-white to fight in the American Revolution from Georgia. He was injured in battle. Dabney recieved land in Madison County for his service in the Georgia militia.
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The Articles of Confederation created a unicameral lgislature, They also gave the states too much power. National government couldn't enforce taxes, laws, or control trade. All states had their own currency and militia.
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The University of Georgia was established on January 1, 1785. It was the first state supported university in the United States. Abraham Baldwin was the first president of the university. The city Athens, Georgia was named after Athens, Greece.
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The Constitutional Convention created 3 things. It created the Great Compromise which benfits both big and small states. It also created the 3/5ths compromise which means 3 out of 5 slaves counted towards the population and were taxed. The Bill of Rights was the first ten amendments to the constiution guarenteeing rights to citizens.
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The cotton gin was a machine that could seperate cotton from seed very quickly. Before the cotton gin, it took hundreds of man hours to clean cotton. After the cotton gin was invented, we could produce 50 pounds of cotton daily. With production increasing, Georgia relyed heavily on slave labor.
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The Yazoo Land Fraud happened over the western part of Georgia. Companies bribed the legislature and the governor into passing a bill selling the western land to private land companies. People were selling land that was not their or didn't even exsist. Georgia gave up claims to the land to repay the federal government as a penalty. Georgia giving up the land forms the present border.
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Louisville was named after King Louis the XVI of France. King Louis was a war ally. We moved the capital to a more central location, geographically and population wise. Savannah and Augusta were the first two capitals.
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The Missouri Compromise helped keep the balance between slave states and free states. The Missouri Compromise established Missouri's southern border. Missouri's southern border was also the border between slave and free states. Missouri was a great help to the Union
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Gold was discovered in the summer of 1829. Dahlonega was in Cherokee territory. Laws were passed to place Cherokee land under state control, it would not let Cherokee speak against a white man, and white person could hurt or kill any Cherokee. Also, Cherokee laws were null and void, Cherokee had no right to the gold, and they lost their homes, land, and legal rights.
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On May 28, 1830, the government signed the Indian Removal Act. The Indians traded their exsisting land in the state for unsettled land west of the Mississppi. Some tribes willing leave, others were forced with federal troops.
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All whites living on Cherokee land were required to take an oath of alligence to the governor. Eleven missionaries refused and took the case to the Supreme Court. One of thosemissionaries was Sammuel Worcester. The court ruled in favor of Worcester, but the president and governor would not enforce the ruling. All missionaries signed the treaty.
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Rebecca L. Felton became the first woman to serve in the US Senate. She only served for one day. She was the most prominent woman in Georgia. Felton was also the oldest freshman senator to enter the Senate.
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May 1838, General Scott arrives with 7,000 troops. Many Indians died the first summer from diseases and starvation. Some Cherokee escaped and hid in the North Carolina Mountains, the rest moved out west. 4,000 Indians or more died.
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Dred Scott was a slave. He was taken by his owner to a free state. Scott tried to sue his owner. The court would not let him sue because he was a slave, so a cmopany took it to court for him and they lost.
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Because California wanted to enter the Union, the Compromise of 1850 was created. It had benifits for both the north and south. The north got California as a free state, and it ended slave trading in D.C. The south got the Fugitive Slave Law and voting on slaves.
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The fugitive slave law states that if a slave is brought from the slave states to the free states they are still a slave. It also states that if a slave runs away they are to be returned to their owner. The North was very angry this law was passed. The South was happy that they could take their slaves to the North, and if they ran away should be returned.
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The Kansas-Nebraska Act changed the Missouri Compromise. It changed it because it permitted slavery north of Missouri's southern border. This made the north angry. This made the south very happy.
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The presidental election of 1860 set the stage for the American Civil War. The nation had been divided since the 1850s. The issue came to head when Abraham Lincoln was elected president. The southern states were angry because Lincoln wanted to free the slaves, so the southern states seceede from the Union and the Civil War begins.
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Georgia seceded from the Union and formed the Republic of Georgia. Then later, they rejoined the confederacy. During the war, Georgia sent nearly 100,000 soldiers to batte. Also during the war, Georgia switched from cotton to food production.
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During the Civil War, the Union blocked all of the South's ships from exporting goods. The Confederates lost revenue. The Confederates found ways around the blockade. The Union Blockade failed.
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Antietam was the bloodiest one day bettle of the Civil War. The north and south collided at this stream and it was terrible. This was North Virgina's first invasion. The Union won.
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Gettysburg was the turning point in the war. It lasted two days. The Union won. This resulted in Lee's retreat into Virgina.
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The Union gerneral led his troops against the confederates at Chickamuga Creel. Chickamauga had a major railroad center. The Confederates defeated Union forces. The South celebrated with a win!
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Andersonville was a prisoner of war camp in Georgia. The condtins were awful. There wasn't enough food or medicene. Many prisoners died of sickness, malnutrition, or they were shot.
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After burning Atlanta, Sherman headed towards Savannah. He marched through Georgia and burned anything that would help the war effort. He reached Savannah, but he did not burn it. He did not burn it because there were military weapons and two million dollars of cotton there.
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The 13th Amendment continued the work of the Emancipation Proclamtion. It officially abolished slavery. The states rattified the document in December 1864. It was a requirement for the southern states to join the Union.
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The United States made the 14th Amedment beacsue the southern states made the laws known as Black Codes. Black Codes restricted the right of the freedmen. The 14th Amendment granted freedmen citizenship. It alson forbid any state from denying anyone the "equal protection of the law."
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This Amendment granted African American men the right to vote. Voting was promised to the African Americans. After the amendment was passed, the freedmen were expected to fend for themselves. The amendment was really just the beginning of the struggle for equality.
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Homer Plessy was sitting in an all white train car. John Ferguson, a white man, told him to get up, and Plessy did not move. Plessy was arrested. The case went to court and "seperate but equal" won the case.
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Jim Crow laws were racial segregation laws. It segregated all the public facilities in the South. Jim Crow laws coined the phrase "seperate but equal." Although, most facilities were not equal.
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The first International Cotton Exposition was held in Atlanta. It was used to bring income and tourists to the city. It was also used for farmers to share methods. The International Cotton Exposition has continued to this very day.
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Hartsfield served as the Atlanta mayor for 6 terms; longer than any body else in the city's history. Hartsfield accomplished many things for Atlanta. One of his greatest accomplishments was the Hartsfield-Jackson Airport. The airport is still in use today.
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An Atlanta newspaper printed a story that said some black men beat up a white woman. The story was not true. Blacks and whites started fighting in the streets. The riot only lasted a day.
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A young girl, named Mary Phagen, was murdered in Leo Frank's pencil factory. They blamed Leo Frank and Jim Conley for the murder. The case went to court and Frank was found guilty. Leo Frank was hung by an angry mod of KKK members.
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The world's first global conflict was World War 1. It was also known as the "Great War." The Central Powers were Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire. The Allied Powers were Great Britain, USA, France, Russia, Italy, and Japan.
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The county unit system was a voting system used to determine a victor in a statewide primary election. It lasted 45 years. The system was designed to work like the Electoral College, but it didn't. The large ratio of unit votes for more populous urban areas provided political influence to smaller counties.
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In the 1920s, many people valued the stock market. In September the stock market began to lose ground. Many thought the market would bounce back in a couple weeks. In one day, over 16 million shares of stock were traded as prices fell and people sold their stock in fear prices would drop further. Black Tuesday was the end of the Roaring 20s and the beginning of the Great Depression.
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When World War 2 began the United States was not involved. The United States got involved when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. Over 73,000,000 people died. The Allied Powers won the war.
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During the Holocaust over 6 million Jew died. An additional 5-6 million labeled "undesirables" were also killed before and during World War 2. In the camps many died from starvation, others died from disease, mistreatment, and medical experiments. The deaths of the Jews, Poles, Czechs, Russians, Gypsies, homosexuals, and the mentally or physically handicap all fit Hitler's plan to rid Europe of what he called "inferior" people.
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Maynard Jackson was an American politican. He was from the Democrat party. He was the first African American mayor of Atlanta. His term began in 1974 and ended in 1982.
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To protest Japanese expansion, the US stopped exporting goods to Japan. Japan knew the only force that could stop them was the US Navy in Pearl Harbor. Japan bombed Pearl Harbor destroying almost all of the battle ships. The US then declared war and joined the Allied Powers.
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Franklin Delano Roosevelt died in Warm Springs, Georgia. He died on April 12, 1945. He supposedly died in the arms of his girlfriend, not his wife. Vice President Harry S. Truman then became president.
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In 1950, a black girl named Linda Brown tried to enroll in an all white school. Her entry was denied, so the NAACP helped Brown's father sue the Board of Education. The case later reached the Supreme Court. The Court ruled in favor of Brown.
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In 1956, Georgia's flag was changed to incorperate the St. Andrew's cross. Many people disagreed about the flag. Tourism and resort industries were being damaged. The new flag was introduced shortly after 2001. On May 8th, 2003 we got another state flag.
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The governor had to decide between closing public schools or desegregating them. The Sibley Commission gathered states residents' sentiments regarding desegregation. Most citizens were against desgregation. This resulted in a show down between the state and federal government.
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Allen served two terms as the Atlanta mayor. He beat Lester Maddox in 1961 and served until 1970. He gained attention by being the only Southern elected official to testify in support of the bill that led to the Civil Rights Act. He died April 23, 2014; he was 92.
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The Albany Movement was the first mass movement for civil rights. Its goal was to desegregate a whole community. More then 1000 African Americans were jailed. Martin Luther King was drawn to the movement.
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UGA denied Holmes because they thought he lied during his interview. UGA denied Hunter because they said they didn't have enough dorm space. Davenport- Benham Black Law Student Association and the UGA School of Law did a renactment of the trial that enabled Holmes and Hunter to become students. Later Holmes and Hunter were both admitted to UGA.
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The March on Washington was one of the largest political rallies for human rights. It called for civil and economic rights for African Americans. Martin Luther King Jr. gave his famous "I have a Dream" speech at the March on Washington. The march is credited to helping pass the Civil Rights Act.
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Jimmy Carter was the 39th president of the United States of America. He was from the Democratic party. He was succeeded by Ronald Reagan. His vice president was Walter Mondale.
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The 1996 Summer Olympics were a major internationnal multi-sport event. It took place in Atlanta, Georgia. A record of 197 nations participated in the games. Atlanta became the 5th American city to host the Olympic Games.
