History of France

Vercingetorix & Battle of Gergovia

52 BCE

Vercingetorix leads the united Gauls to defeat Julius Caesar & his Roman army of invaders

Charlemagne crowned Emperor of Frankish Empire.

Dec 25, 800

Article: https://www.history.com/topics/middle-ages/charlemagne
Video: https://youtu.be/ZEWhorm6iPw

Hundred Years War

Period: 1337 to 1453

Article: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc-worldhistory/chapter/the-hundred-years-war/
Video: https://youtu.be/LagA3OzatBU

Completion of the construction of Notre Dame Cathedral (started in 1163)

1345

article: https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/two-years-later-heres-latest-notre-dames-restoration
video: https://youtu.be/DTHApIO_gW0

Death of Joan of Arc

May 30, 1431

Article: https://theculturetrip.com/europe/france/articles/the-truth-about-joan-of-arc-the-teenage-girl-who-commanded-the-french-army/
Video: https://youtu.be/Bqcpu1BBBdk

Completion of the construction of Le Louvre (began in 1190)

1528

Article: https://www.livescience.com/31935-louvre-museum.html
Video: https://youtu.be/JkPcA8dngB4

French Civil Wars of Religion

Period: 1562 to 1598

Article: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc-worldhistory/chapter/the-french-wars-of-religion/
Video: https://youtu.be/JmcMVOKa2Os

St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

Aug 24, 1572

Article: https://www.thoughtco.com/saint-bartholomews-day-massacre-4173411
Video: https://youtu.be/IDrUNhdPjVs

King Henri IV signs the Edict of Nantes, which end the Civil Wars of Religion.

Apr 13, 1598

Article: http://www.historytoday.com/archive/months-past/edict-nantes
Video: https://youtu.be/JmcMVOKa2Os

Blaise Pascal invents La Pascaline, the first mechanical calculator.

1644

Article: https://interestingengineering.com/5-amazing-innovations-and-discoveries-of-blaise-pascal
Video: https://youtu.be/5wB80HzF8sM

Louis XIV becomes King of France at age 5.

Jun 7, 1654

Article: https://www.history.com/topics/france/louis-xiv
Video: https://youtu.be/SEjiw6ipwnU

Jean-Baptiste Denys performs first recorded blood transfusion between a human and a sheep.

1667

Article: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/350-years-ago-doctor-performed-first-human-blood-transfusion-sheep-was-involved-180963631/
Video: https://youtu.be/FmhQkZsyPVQ

Construction of Les Invalides

1676

Article: https://www.eutouring.com/history_of_les_invalides_paris.html
Video: https://youtu.be/xA4uvmiPVUQ

Death of Louis XIV; Louis XV becomes King of France.

Sep 1, 1715

Article: https://en.chateauversailles.fr/discover/history/key-dates/death-louis-xiv-1715
Video: https://youtu.be/--jx5kJeYwk

Pierre Fouchard develops modern dentistry.

1720

Article: http://www.historyofdentistry.net/famous-dentists/pierre-fauchard/
Video: https://youtu.be/wXPcgLklb3M

Jacques Daviel develops modern cataract surgery.

1748

Article: https://www.aao.org/biographies-detail/jacques-daviel-md
Video: https://youtu.be/fYNGzIqlzUM

Jean-Antoine Nollet discovers osmosis.

1748

Article: https://ietarchivesblog.org/2017/11/07/abbe-jean-antoine-nollet-1700-1770-vs-benjamin-franklin-1706-1790/
Video: https://youtu.be/Z6LAAkvziic

Louis XVI is crowned King of France.

Jun 11, 1775

Article: http://www.britannica.com/biography/Louis-XVI
Video: https://youtu.be/V85nFrxYjkU

Antoine Lavoisier discovered that water is a compound of oxygen and hydrogen.

1783

Article: https://schoolhistory.co.uk/notes/antoine-lavoisier/
Video: https://youtu.be/55yJPs-_R1w

The Storming of the Bastille Prison begins the French Revolution.

Jul 14, 1789

Article: https://alphahistory.com/frenchrevolution/fall-of-the-bastille/
Video: https://youtu.be/8L6IQcqwkek

Louis XVI is executed by guillotine on January 21, and his wife Marie Antoinette is also executed by guillotine on October 16 that same year.

1793

Article: http://www.unofficialroyalty.com/executions-of-louis-xvi-and-marie-antoinette-king-and-queen-of-france-1793/
Video: https://youtu.be/l3flkQVhWxY

Nicolas-Jacques Conté invents the modern pencil.

1795

Article: http://scihi.org/nicolas-jacques-conte-pencil/
Video: https://youtu.be/KQ9DDxsOKxk

Louisiana Purchase

May 2, 1803

Article: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-louisiana-purchase-changed-the-world-79715124/
Video: https://youtu.be/TVoFn8w9aHU

Napoleon Bonaparte crowns himself Emperor of France.

May 18, 1804

Article: https://historycollection.com/day-history-napoleon-crowned-emperor-1804/
Video: https://youtu.be/ppZPoIci5Tc

Nicolas Appert invents canning for food preservation.

1809

Article: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/father-canning-knew-his-process-worked-not-why-it-worked-180961960/
Video: https://youtu.be/68y6y8sN4bY

Eugène-François Vidocq leaves his criminal life behind to establish the security police for Napoleon Bonaparte.

1809

Article: https://www.headstuff.org/culture/history/terrible-people-from-history/eugene-francois-vidocq-french-criminal-detective/
Video: https://youtu.be/sE9Sgufrdvo

Napoleon Bonaparte escapes his first exile in Elba & returns to France to reclaim his power.

Feb 26, 1815

Article: https://www.history.com/news/elba-exile-napoleon-escape
Video: https://youtu.be/ufymsKi9S3U

René Laennec invents the stethoscope.

1816

Article: https://www.thoughtco.com/rene-laenecc-stethoscope-1991647
Video: https://youtu.be/LSew213FAKY

Louis Vicat invents artificial cement.

1817

Article: https://www.vicat.com/about-us/vision/history-of-louis-vicat
Video: https://youtu.be/ulB0csn6i6k

Death of Napoleon Bonaparte & Completion of Arc de Triomphe

May 5, 1821

Article: https://theculturetrip.com/europe/france/paris/articles/a-brief-history-of-paris-arc-de-triomphe/
Video: https://youtu.be/eKZ67PW_BiM

Joseph Monier invents reinforced concrete.

1849

Article: https://www.beyond.fr/people/monier-joseph.html
Video: https://youtu.be/AHxFZxzt8bw

Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, the nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte, declares himself as Napoleon III, Emperor of the 2nd French Empire.

Dec 2, 1852

Article: http://www.britannica.com/biography/Napoleon-III-emperor-of-France
Video: https://youtu.be/xmym8lyWzmQ

Louis Pasteur and Émile Roux develop the rabies vaccine.

1855

Article: https://www.awesomestories.com/asset/view/Emile-Roux-Pasteur-Rabies-and-Diphtheria//1
Video: https://youtu.be/BWqD4H_ExgI

Pierre Michaux & Pierre Lallement invent the bicycle.

1864

Article: https://pelotonmagazine.com/peloton-x/world-changers/
Video: https://youtu.be/QdKxiGYUDQs

Completion of Opéra Garnier

1875

Article: https://frenchmoments.eu/palais-garnier-paris/
Video: https://youtu.be/NiDQAog5YvI

Alexandre Godefroy invents the hairdryer.

1879

Article: https://rarehistoricalphotos.com/vintage-hairdryers-history-1910-1930/
Video: https://youtu.be/Gn1BbEl2ziI

Eugène Poubelle invents the trash can (waste container).

1884

Article: https://www.parisupdate.com/poubelles/
Video: https://youtu.be/c5QARLpB15Q

Hilaire de Chardonnet invents artificial silk (rayon).

1884

Article: http://www.madehow.com/inventorbios/76/Hilaire-Comte-de-Chardonnet.html
Video: https://youtu.be/B5Ge3xSRrKA

Henri Moissan isolates the element fluorine, and 20 years later in 1906, he receives the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for this project.

1886

Article: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1906/moissan/biographical/
Video: https://youtu.be/vtWp45Eewtw

The Eiffel Tower is first opened to the public at the World’s Fair.

Mar 31, 1889

Article: https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/eiffel-tower-opens
Video: https://youtu.be/TKj-xsB_d68

Opening of the Musée d’Orsay

1900

Article: https://storyateverycorner.com/musee-dorsay/
Video: https://youtu.be/lT8-FUoSNAA

Marie Curie and her husband Pierre isolate radium, and 1 year later, they share the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. In 1911, Marie receives the Nobel Prize on her own in recognition of her work in radioactivity.

1902

Article: https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/curies-isolate-radium
Video: https://youtu.be/w6JFRi0Qm_s

Charles Mantoux invents the tuberculin sensitivity test (PPD)

1907

Article: https://www.bionity.com/en/encyclopedia/Mantoux_test.html
Video: https://youtu.be/IGZLkRN76Dc

Georges Claude invents neon lights.

1910

Article: https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-neon-signs-1992355
Video: https://youtu.be/4XfEEAieO6k

Completion of Sacré Coeur Basilica

1914

Article: https://www.discoverwalks.com/blog/top-10-fun-facts-about-the-sacre-coeur/
Vidéo: https://youtu.be/DYRPyNIO1Eg

World War 1

Period: Jul 28, 1914 to Nov 11, 1918

Article: https://www.theworldwar.org/explore/interactive-wwi-timeline
Video: https://youtu.be/r7L24DVsIlg

Paul Langevin invents underwater Sonar for subway detection.

1917

Article: https://www.europhysicsnews.org/articles/epn/pdf/2007/01/epn07101.pdf
Video: https://youtu.be/sVa7PJm2okk

Albert Calmette & Camille Guérin invent the tuberculosis vaccine.

1921

Article: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/article/PIIS2213-2600(15)00065-X/fulltext
Video: https://youtu.be/N0Gv96uDctM

World War 2

Period: Sep 1, 1939 to Sep 2, 1945

Article: https://www.historyextra.com/period/second-world-war/timeline-important-dates-ww2-exact/
Video: https://youtu.be/5bqWm3DLcYk

The United Nations is established, with France as part of its Security Council.

Oct 24, 1945

Article: https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/rise-to-world-power/us-wwii/a/the-united-nations
Video: https://youtu.be/hjjSIlenuio

The leader of the French Resistance during WWII, Charles de Gaulle is elected the first president of the Fifth French Republic.

Dec 21, 1958

Article: https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/de-gaulle-elected
Video: https://youtu.be/F935JdNiKAE

Advancements in medical science as Jérôme Lejeune discovers Down syndrome is caused by trisomy 21 and Georges Mathé performs the first bone marrow transplant.

1959

Article (Lejeune): https://lejeunefoundation.org/jerome-lejeune/
Video (Lejeune): https://youtu.be/D_QjrZY4WP4
Article (Mathé): https://www.signalsblog.ca/the-story-of-the-first-bone-marrow-transplant/
Video (Mathé): https://youtu.be/-yv49nskbmw

Completion of Centre Pompidou (began in 1971)

1977

Article: https://www.lonelyplanet.com/france/paris/attractions/centre-pompidou/a/poi-sig/372153/359279
Video: https://youtu.be/COQBxXSCdoI

Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier discover HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, for which they receive the Nobel Prize in Medicine five years later.

1983

Article: https://www.pasteur.fr/en/research-journal/news/ten-years-ago-francoise-barre-sinoussi-and-luc-montagnier-won-nobel-prize-medicine
Video: https://youtu.be/BFsNmof4ngE

Philippe Kahn invents the first camera phone.

1997

Article: https://www.wired.com/2000/10/kahn/
Video: https://youtu.be/UDCGo9ij93I

Introduction of the Euro currency

Jan 1, 1999

Article: https://europa.eu/european-union/about-eu/euro/history-and-purpose-euro_en
Video: https://youtu.be/PdLr3lTSyns