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1900 BCE
Cro-Magnon
Demonstration of tribal arts and skills an essential part of instruction.
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399 BCE
Socrates
470-399 BC: Students Plato and Xenophon. Socratic method- knowledge is inborn brought out by skillful questioning.
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380 BCE
Sophists
500-380 BC: Freelance teachers. Carefully prepared lecture, lecture on subject suggestion of audience, or free debate.
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1200
Abelard: Scholastic Instructional Method
12th and 13th centuries. Teachers, scholars, students collaborated. First characteristics of higher education. Transformed theology readings into interpretation of scripture
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Comenius- Educational Theory
late 1500s-1600s: greatest production 1627- wrote a series of textbooks. He directed curriculum reforms, organized a model school. Schools should have real, illustrative materials and sympathetic teachers
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American Schools in 1800s- Primitive to Lancasterian Instruction
Primitive, general reading and writing skills, with goose-quill pens. Then Joseph Lancaster devised special classrooms with instructional media and special groups
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Pestalozzi Influence
Johann Pestalozzi- also late 1700s and early 1800s developed comprehensive system of instruction based on human development. Group teaching and reflection.
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1800s forms of distance education can be noted
Newspapers, Mail service, radio ,etc helped drive distance education
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Francis Parker- Quincy Methods
Mid 1800s to 1900- Francis Parker introduced Quincy methods- named town in MA. Object teaching, variety of materials from everyday life and sciences.
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American education- Herbartian Principle (Johann Herbart- 1800s)
mid 1800s introduced. Then 1900s some questions regarding method. Herbartian teachers committed to lesson plans. Learning was process involving psychology and science.
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20th Century- Media for Instruction
Portable museums, stereographs, slides, films- motion picture projector, prints, charts, journals and institutes on visual
instruction.
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1920s Radio Broadcasting in Education
By the end of the 1920s, 176 educational institutions had broadcast licenses
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20th Century- Audiovisual Instruction
1920s-1930s- radio broadcasting, sound recording and sound motion picture- audiovisual movement- dampened slightly by Great Depression
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World War II- AV Devices and Military teaching, industry
1940s-1950s Pictured: radio-broadcast instructional design. AV use for training films in military, also industry- positive impact on training in both. Development use of overhead projectors, slide projectors and simulators for military training.
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1950s Brought Instructional Method Models; TV in classroom, Blooms Taxonomy, First computers
Blooms Taxonomy published for educational objectives. Communication process focused. Consider all elements of communication including the AV field. Instructional TV integrated. Computer Assisted Instruction- IBM
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1956 Blooms Taxonomy of Educational Objectives arrived
Behavioral objectives and learning outcomes discussed and classified in Benjamin Bloom's work. Known as Blooms Taxonomy
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Late 1950s- 1960s: Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI):
CAI first introduced in public schools in late 1950s. 1960s brought early applications of CAI to public schools and universities.
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1965 Robert M. Gange five domains of learning
Verbal information, intellectual skills, psychomotor skills, attitudes and cognitive strategies. Events of instruction for design and practice
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1970s Boom in Instructional Design models
Instructional Improvement Centers were created, graduate programs created for instructional design
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1970s: Computers Assisted Instruction continues
Introduction of microcomputers in public schools K-12, more feasible. Used to improve student problem solving skills and obtain work skills. The thought was less teachers, more students, more efficiency in teaching.
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1980s: Computers for Instructional Purpose: Apple, IBM, HP, Tandy
Smaller, more compact, leaning more toward instructional purpose, not just learned skill. By 1988 more est more than 3 million computers in schools in US.
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1990s: Education Gamification: Rapid progress Computers, Digital technology and the Internet
Laptops, CD-ROM, software, Internet, advances in instructional media, simulations, cognitive learning tools. By 1998 one computer for every 6 students. Internet access 90% by 1998. Instruction and performance reports
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1990s Instructional Design- Constructivism or Theory
Constructivism include requiring learners to (a) solve complex and realistic problems; (b) work together to solve those problems; (c) examine the problems from multiple perspectives; (d) take ownership of the learning process (e) become aware of their own role in the knowledge construction process
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1991 World Wide Web came into existence and The University of Phoenix
University of Phoenix one of the first to offer online education through the internet
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Mid to late 1990s computer progression and explosion
Rapid explosion and progression of computers, one of the largest was Apple. Photo: Apple at a glance
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90s computer lab/classroom essentials
computing everything- photo computer lab starter kit
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Late 1990s early 2000s- Distance Learning Growth via Internet
Rapid growth of distance learning due to increased use of the internet and desire for that instructional design
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1999 Introduction of Whiteboard in classrooms
Whiteboard established in classrooms for more interactive learning
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Early 2000s to present- Knowledge (learning) management systems or (LMS)
To be effective in the digital world of education knowledge management systems or learning management systems had to be created. Blackboard, Canvas and similar systems
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2003-2009: Explosion of video and video learning: From DVD, HD toYouTube phenom,
DVD, HD widely available. Use in classroom and at home. By 2009 video audience online grew 339%, most attributed to YouTube. YouTube EDU launched www.youtube.com/edu; -
2003-2006 The Cloud: Network based computing takes off GOOGLE, Amazon
Cloud based technologies emerge and revolutionize the way we communicate, store and share information. -
2010-2012 Explosion of Online education/Distance learning
2012 32.5% of higher education students enrolled in online/distance education.
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2010-2018 Technology in classroom ever evolving: Multimodal approach
Use of multimedia driving educational technology and learning. cellphones, laptops, tablets, computers, apps, clouds, audiovisual internet, social media, the list goes on.
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