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The Battles of Lexington and concord
The Battles of Lexington and concord were the first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War. The Battles of Lexington and concord were the kick off of the Revolutionary War. It started with the stamp act, sugar act, and Townshed acts and generated fierce resentment among colonist “taxation with representation”. Also the Boston massacre and the Boston tea party and the king shutting down the harbor unless they pay for the tea. The colonists didn’t show markenship the day of the wa -
Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence was written to declare independence from England. Declaring independence meant that the Americans could enter alliances with other nations. The Declaration of Independence shows all the problems the colonist had with the king and parliament. The Declaration of Independence was declared on July 2, 1776 and the final text wasn’t approved till July 4,1776 and wasn’t signed till August 2, 1776. Thomas jefferson was also called the “author” of the Dol. -
Battle of Saratoga
The Battle of Saratoga was just a few months after the Declaration of Independence was signed which meant they can form foreign alliances. The Battle of Saratoga was when the Continental Army defeated the British. This war is know as the turning point in the Revolutionary War. The Battle of Saratoga got the attention of the French that the colonist could actually win the war. This led to a French Declaration of war against the British and French Military and financial aid for the colonists. -
The Battle of Yorktown
The Battle of Yorktown was the last great battle of the American Revolutionary War. The American victory led to discussions of British surrenders. General George Washington comanding 17,000 French and Continental troops going against British General lord Charles Cornwallis with 9,000 British troops at Yorktown Virginia. The Battle of Yorktown is known as the most important battle of the Revolutionary War. The US and Great Britain begin negotiating the Treaty of Paris to ring an end to the war. -
Articles of Confederation
The Articles of confederation were written to address issues that colonist had under British rule, which gave most of the power to the state, making no executive branch to abuse or take power. This created a weak central government. The Articles of confederation was an agreement with the 13 original statesof the US. The Articles provided congress with the powers to make foreign affairs, declare war or peace, print money, and maintain a army and navy and more. John Dickinson. -
Northwest Ordinance
The Northwest Ordinance was adopted by the Second Continental Congress, chartered a government in the Northwest Territory. That provided a method for admitting new states to the Union. So pretty much the Northwest was a law passed to regulate the settlement of the Northwest Territory which was eventually divided into several states. It made sure that any new states would be treated equal to the 13 colonies. It set up a standardized system were people could buy title farmland in the West. -
Constitution
The constitution of the US established America’s national government and fundamental laws, and guaranteed certain basic rights for its citizens. With the articles of confederation the national government was weak and states acted as independent countries. Delegates devised a plan for a stronger national government with three branches. The branches are executive, legislative, and judicial with a system of checks and balances to make sure no single branches get too powerful. Supreme law of land. -
Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights is the first ten amendments to the US constitution. It sys all of Americans rights in relation to their government. It guarantees civil rights and liberties to the individuals such as freedom of speech, press, and religion. James Madison wrote the amendments. The bill of rights were strongly influenced by the Virginia Declaration of rights written by George Mason. The Bill of rights is important because it guarantees our rights and it’s very important to know them. -
The Alien & Sedition Acts
The Alien Act is restricted the activities of foreign residents in the US and their attempts to citizenship. The Sedition Act is restricted freedom of speech in the in the US, mostly because the XYZ Affairs and outlawed any “false”, malicious and scandalous writing” against Congress or the President. It made it illegal to conspire “to oppose any measure or measures of the government. So the Federalist in Congress pretty much placed restrictions on citizenship and political speech. -
Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions
Thomas Jefferson and James Madison pen the Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions. The legislatures in Kentucky and Virginia took position that the Alien and Sedition acts were infringing upon states rights and thus were unconstitutional. These states were attempted to nullify or go above a federal law Kentucky Resolution aurthored by Jeff and Madi wrote the Virginia Resolution. The ideas from Resolutions became a forerunner to John Calhoun’s arguments about the power of states to nullify federal laws -
Louisiana Purchase
President Thomas Jefferson purchased the Territory through the Louisiana Purchase Treaty from France. He did the because Napoleon needed money to finance the French Revolution. Despite misgivings over the constitutionality of the Purchase Jefferson Pursued the purchase of Louisiana. This secured control of the Mississippi River as a highway for American products through the port of New Orleans to world markets. This also provided additional government owned land. -
Marbury v. Madison
Marbury v. Madison was arguably the most important case in the surpreme court. It was the first US case to apply the principal of judicial review. Which means that the American courts could have power to strike down laws, statutes, and some government actions. The courts opinion written by Chief Justice John Marshall, is considered one of the foundations of the US constitutional law. The decision the court made and the nature of their ruling defined an important purpose in the Supreme Court. -
War of 1812 Begins
The war of 1812 was a conflict of the US and the UK and their respected allies from 1812-1815. It was caused by British restrictions on US trade and Americans desire to expand their territory. -
The Battle of New Orleans
The Battle of New Orleans was between British Army led by Major General Sir Edward Pakenham and US Army led by Andrew Jackson. This battle marked the end of the war of 1812. This battle was also an American victory. On December 24, 1814 signed a treaty which ended war of 1812. In the battle of New Orleans future president Andrew Jackson was the British prisoner durning the Revolutionary War and wanted to confront them in battle. Jackson’s Army was to face off 8,000 British regulars. -
Missouri Compromise
In 1819 there were equal free states and there was equal slave states. When Missouri was applied as a slave state it threatened the balance. The Missouri Compromise admitted itself as a a slave state and main as a free state. The Missouri Compromise drew a line for the expansion of slavery at 36 degrees/ 30 degrees. The Missouri compromise was the on of the causes of the civil war. The slave states feared that ifthey became outnumber in congressional respresentation they wouldn’t protect. -
Monroe Doctrine
The Monroe Doctrine was a foreign policy statement and created separate spheres of European and American influence. The US said they would stay out of European business and told the Europeans to stay out of the Western Hemispheres business. One main point is that the US will not interfere in the internal affairs of the wars between European Powers. Another is the US recognized and would not interfere with existing colonies. The Monroe Doctrine was established by James Monroe. -
Nullification Crisis
The states rights-states have the right to declare a federal law (or tax) null and void if it harms that state. The federal government passed a very high protective tariff, which angered the South. John C. Calhoun attempted to nullify the tariff stating South Carolina wouldn’t pay. Andrew Jackson wanted to maintain that the federal government was stronger than that of the states. However he didn’t wanna support the South. A compromise was reached and the tariff was lowered. -
Declaration of Sentiments
Declaration of sentiments is a signed document by 68 women and 32 men. So 100 out of some 300 attendees at the first woman’s right convention. The sentiments demanded equality with men before the law, in education and employment. This document is one of the most important documents for woman’s rights. It was written mostly by Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Stanton drafted a Declaration of rights and Sentiments which was modeled after the Declaration of Independence. -
Mexican Cession
The Mexican Cession contained territories that made up most of the rest of the southwestern United States which the US acquired after the Mexican-American War. The Mexican Cession completed Manifest Destiny by giving Americans control of land from the Atlantic to the Pacific. After the war with Mexico ended, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed. As a result this treaty established our Mexican United States border at Texas at the Rio Grande River. As another Result we got 3 more states. -
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Oregon Territory
The Oregon Territory was jointly occupied by the Americans, the British, and the Spanish. The Spanish claim to the Territory ended after the Adams-Onis Treaty was signed. Conflict between the Americans and the British led to the negotiations of a British xAmerican border. The American newspapers headlined “54'40 or fight supporting war with the British over the Territory. Negotiations led to the Oregon Treaty of 1846 granting US control South of the 49th parallel and avoiding the war. -
Compromise of 1850
The Compromise of 1850 introduced the principle of popular sovereignty. The Compromise made California admitted as a free state. Other Mexican Cession states would be decided by the people. Sale of slaves but not slaves but not slavery was prohibited in Washington D.C. Fugitive slave law requiring northerners to return runaway slaves. Senator Henry Clay introduced a series of resolutions in attempt to seek a compromise and avoid a crisis between the north and the south. -
Kansas Nebraska Act
The Kansas Nebraska Act allowed people in the Territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders. The Act served to repeal the Missouri Compromise of 1820 which prohibited slavery north of latitude 36’30.The conflict that arose between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers in the aftermath of acts passage led to a period of violence causeing the bleeding Kansas Act. -
Bleeding Kansas
Kansas was an important because it was the border of anti-slavery and slavery are forced to meet. The events in the Kansas Territory were some violent forces shaping the United States. It emerged from a political and ideological debate over the legality of slavery in the prose state of Kansas. -
John Browns raid on Harpers ferry
John Brown raid on harpers ferry was an effort by armed abolitionist John Brown to initiate an armed slave revolt by taking over a United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry. -
Battle of Bull Run
The Battle of Bull run was important in the civil war and resulted in a confederate victory. Although the Union forces outnumbered the Confederates , the experience of the confederate soilders proved the differences as the confederates won the battle. -
Battle of fort Sumter
The Battle of Fort Sumter was the first battle of the American civil war. After South Carolina’s session plans were made to have Major Robert Anderson remain at Fort Moultrie. Major Robert Anderson’s small union garrison in the unfinished fort in Charleston. The Battle of Fort Sumter was the bombardment of fort Sumter by confederate states Army , and return gunfire and susequent surrender by the United States Army. -
Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation was to encourage rebellious states to rejoin the Union. The Emancipation Proclamation didn’t free all slaves in the United States. Although it declared free only those slaves living in states not under Union control. It also tied the issue of slavery directly to the war. The Emancipation led the way to total abolition of slavery in the United States it was the aim of the war changed to include the freeing of slaves in addition to preserving the Union. -
The Battle of Antietam
The Battle of Antietam was particularly in the southern part of the US. It was a battle of the American civil war. The Battle of Antietam is the eighth-costliest land battle of the American civil war. The Battle of Antietam resulted in as the bloodiest day of the American Civil war but it was the bloodiest day in American history. Union army launched attacks against lees army in defensive positions behind Antietam creek. -
Congressional Reconstruction
The goal of Congressional Reconstruction was to restore the Union and Compromise with the Southern states that ceded before and during the war. There were 3 plans for Reconstruction, Lincoln’s plan, Johnson’s plan, and the Radical Republican plan. Lincoln’s plan was known as the 10% plan. A clash between President Johnson and congress over Reconstruction was now inevitable. -
Gettysburg address
Abraham Lincoln visits the Gettysburg battle field to dedicate a cemetery for the fallen soldiers. He describes the civil war as a struggle to fulfill the Declaration of Independence and preserve a nation “dedicated to the proposition that all men are equal”. The two armies suffered between 46,000 and 51,000 casualties. It was a very short speech but changed a lot of lives and hearts. -
Sherman’s March to sea
Union General William T. Sherman led 60,000 soil Dre’s on a 285 -mile march from Atlanta to savannah, Georgia. The purpose of Shearmans March to sea was to scare Georgias civilian population into forgetting the Confrence clause.The name is given to the military savannah campaign in the American civil war. This was a March of troops through Georgia that lasted a couple months. There were approximately 3,100 casualties of which 2,100 were Union soilders. -
Presidential Reconstruction
Andrew Jackson implemented a plan of Reconstruction that gave the white south a free hand in regulating the transition from slavery to freedom and offered no role to blacks in the politics of the south. The main difference between presidential and constitutional Reconstruction is that presidential is much more lenient towards the south. -
13th amendment passed
The 13th amendment abolished slavery in the United States. It passed by Congress January 31,1865. Passed the senate on April 8th, 1864. Passed the House on January 31, 1865. President Lincoln signed a joint resolution submitting the proposed 13th amendment to the states, -
Freedman’s Bureau
Freedman’s Bureau provided food, housing and medical aid, established schools and offered legal assistance. It also attempted to settle former slaves on land confiscated of abandoned during the war. The bureau helped newly freed slaves. The work of the bureau was vital to the survival of a great many people in southern states. -
14th amendment
The amendment grants citizenship to “all persons born or naturalized in the United States” which includes former slaves who just had been freed after the civil war. Passed by Congress June 13th 1868. -
15th amendment passed
The fifteenth amendment granted the African American men the right to vote. Passed by Congress 1869. “ the rights of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” -
Plessy v Ferguson
Plessy v Ferguson was a landmark decision of the surpreme court. It upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality. Under “Separate but equal” Doctrine. This case stemmed from an 1892 incident in which Africa American train passenger Plessy refused to sit in a car for blacks. -
Uncle Toms Cabin
Uncle Toms Cabin was the best selling novel of the 19th Century. Uncle Toms Cabin is an anti slavery novel by author Harriet Beecher Stowe. The inspiration for the Uncle Toms Cabin was the Fugitive slave act of 1850. That made aiding or assisting runaway slaves a crime in free states. People believed that this helped bring on the Civil War. Uncle Toms Cabin increased opposition to slavery in the north. The novel sold 300,000 copies within three months.