history By wernergra 661 BCE caliphate takes control 656 BCE Talib becomes the fourth Caliph. 644 BCE Uthman becomes the third Caliph. 634 BCE Umar becomes the second Caliph. 632 BCE muhammad dies 630 BCE muhammad returns to Mecca 622 BCE muhammad leaves mecca 610 BCE The religion of Islam Period: 570 BCE to 570 BCE Muhammad is born in the city of Mecca.