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university time-sharing systems housed on a mainframe computer - used by students and instructors to share computer programs
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first microcomputers entered schools (Roblyer & Edwards, 2000)
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widespread use of the Internet begins
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cloud based applications replace costly on-site servers (Tomassini, 2012)
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mobile technology enters classrooms in the form of mobile phones used to record data (Schrum & Levin, 2015)