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This was 20 years before Captain Cook came to Australia.
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A few reasons for British colonisation are the American War of Independence because America won, and they refused to take any more convicts, and England needed somewhere else to send their convicts. They also chose Australia because it was next to Asia, and England wanted power and influence over Asia, as well as wanting to trade with them. Australia had lots of space, so, therefore, needed more people to do the jobs for it, as well. This meant there were more jobs to do there.(see next reasons)
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People also had no jobs, especially farmers, so they started stealing. This was because they were making no money to buy things because machines were doing all their work. This meant there were more criminals, so they needed somewhere to send criminals immediately. Farmers moved to cities to work because their work was being done by machines, but then there were too many people in the cities, and they were overcrowded. Still, no work is what this meant, as well as stealing.
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The American War of Independence was on during this time. America fought for independence, which they eventually won, refusing to accept any more convicts. Now, there was nowhere for England to send their prisoners, so transportation to NSW was the solution.
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During this time, Machines have started to do the work of many workers, especially farmers. This is causing lots of people to lose their jobs, and to start to move to the cities, where there were more jobs because all the machines are taking up their work. Because so many people are in the cities, the cities are overcrowded, so lots of people have no homes and are living in the streets. Lots of people are stealing even the minor things just to live. So many people are going to jail which filled.
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Bennelong was, supposedly, born during the year of 1764, in Australia.
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On this day, Captain Cook Landed in Australia. He has just finished his journey and has now reached The Great Southern Land. He has landed in Botany Bay.
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This is when the First Fleet arrived in Botany Bay, only to find that the soil was not as good for crops that they thought. They then had to move to Port Jackson, which is where the first colony erupted from.
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England colonised Norfolk Island not long after Port Jackson. This was now the second colony in Australia, but Norfolk Island is an island just of Australia.
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Convicts have arrived on the First Fleet and now have to start work. The convicts had a very tough life living their sentence to transportation to NSW. The punishments were cruel, they hurt and you would not want them. Some punishments were the Cat-O-Nine Tails, which had a common number of 50 slashes or so, and the Chain Gangs, where you make new roads with chains, weighing around ten pounds or more, are attached to your ankles. The convicts were supervised by soliders.
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Governor Philip wanted Aboriginals to start living the way the British did, so he captured one. Governor Philip's soldiers captured Bennelong and Bennelong became great friends with Philip. One night, Bennelong said he was sick and was trustful by then, so was let off chains, and, without anyone even thinking of it, he made the run for it! He was, unfortunately, captured again, though.
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This is when the colonisation of Tasmania happened. Tasmania was the third colony colonised by the British. This happened in 1803.
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Squatters, which are settlers who came to Australia and began moving into the bush to live. This was around the 1820s to the 1830s. They just claimed land that was free and were not given any land. They turned this land into farms, which were large, and called them stations. Most of these squatters’ money was from farming wool from sheep. This is what made up the biggest export in Australia at that point in time.
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During 1804, Brisbane was colonised, making it it the fourth colony in Australia.
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1827 is when the colony of Albany was colonised. This makes it the 5th colony of Australia.
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During 1829, Freemantle was colonised which was the sixth colony of Australia.
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In 1835, Port Philip was colonised, making it the 7th colony of Australia.
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Why would Free Settler come to Australia? Some Free Settlers came to Australia because the governors wanted more people to come to Australia, so they granted free land and paid all the expenses of travelling. They also helped set up the farms, gave convicts to the Free Settlers as workers, and women were given jobs. Some people who were already in Australia also communicated to relatives saying that Australia was really good and that they should come. Some also came because of the Gold Rush.
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Narcisse Pelletier was born on the 1st of January, 1844. He was then shipwrecked as a young teenager and was the only survivor. He then went to live as an Aboriginal, with the Aboriginals. He was then was forced to go back to Britain but had a miserable life.
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In 1852 the Gold Rush started, drawing people into Australia with Gold Fever. Australia, especially Victoria, was getting a lot of people, because of the Gold Rush, because Australia had lots of gold.
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James Morrill was born on 24th September 1891 and was shipwrecked as a man, around his 30s. He was the only survivor and started living as an Aboriginal. He was eventually found, and he chose to go back to England, leaving his children and wife and remarried. He ended up living a happy life back in England.
