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King John signed the Magna Carta. This outlined individual rights that the king could not violate, such as taxation and trial provisions. This was the beginning of moving from rule of man to rule of law.
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British colonies formed an alliance with six Native American nations.
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This was the first binding document of the United States. The colonists wanted to have some type of government in place.
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King Charles was required to sign the Petition of Right. This required monarchs to obtain Parliamentary approval before new taxes were created. It stated that the king could not unlawfully imprison people or establish military rule during times of peace.
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Each charter guaranteed colonists the "rights of Englishmen."
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Extended conflict between King Charles and Parliament lead to a civil war in 1642. King Charles was beheaded.
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Plymouth, Connecticut, Massachusetts Bay, New Haven colonies formed to defend against threats from Native Americans and Dutch colonists.
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Conflict continued between the Crown and Parliament and started rebellion.
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William and Mary were chosen to rule, but had to govern according to statues of parliament.
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The English Bill of Rights was passed and guaranteed free speech and protection from cruel and unusual punishment.
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Representatives appointed by colonial assemblies and a president general appointed by the king. This became the basis for the Constitution.
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Five colonists died after British soldiers fired into the crowd at a protest.
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People met to draft a new constitution that was more effective than the Articles of Confederation.
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Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay wrote this under the pen name "Publius" to argue that the constitution included a separation of powers to limit power. This document supported the constitution.
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Delaware was the first to approve the first 10 amendments to the U.S. constitution. Small states ratified first because of equal representation in the Senate.
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Established a Three-tiered Judicial Structure: District courts, Circuit courts, & Supreme Court.
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A Grand Jury must be used for all felony cases, Citizens cannot be tried twice for the same crime, Citizens cannot be forced to testify against themselves (Ex: "Are you guilty?"), All cases against a citizen must be resolved through due process, Private property may not be taken by the government without compensation.
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The right to keep and bear arms.
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Limits excessive bail or cruel punishment.
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"No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law."
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Protects against warrantless search in the absence of probable cause. Reasonable grounds must be based on a strong likelihood of finding evidence of or stopping a crime.
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Right to a speedy and public trial.
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The right to a jury trial in civil matters of $20 and over.
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Any rights not given to federal government are given to the states and people.
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"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances." Freedom of religion, press, and speech.
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People are given rights aside from those listed in the constitution.
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Individual cannot sue a state in a federal court.
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Power of judicial review
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Allows the President to choose V.P.
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"Power to tax is the power to destroy"
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Right of a state legislature to award a monopoly to operate a steamship line between NY and NJ. Court said only Congress has the right to regulate commerce between states.
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Slave who sued for his and his family's freedom after being taken to a free state. Court said that Scott, as an African-American and previously property, was not a citizen which gave him no legal standing to sue. Called the “greatest disaster” of the Supreme Court
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Abolished slavery.
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Established equal protection under the law.
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You cannot prevent a person from voting because of race, color, or creed.
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Ruled segregation was legal as long as the facilities were equal
and created the “Separate but equal” doctrine. -
Direct election of Senators
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Established Congress's right to impose a Federal income tax.
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Prohibited the manufacturing, transportation and sale of alcohol within the United States.
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Granted women the right to vote.
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Things put into place during Roosevelt's time as president.
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Repealed prohibition.
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Roosevelt served 12 years and packed the court with nominees that supported expansion of government power.
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President takes office on January 20th instead of March 4th.
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Ruled 2nd Amendment does not protect the right to have all types of weapons.
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Upheld Fair Labor Standards Act; Commerce Clause allows Congress to regulate employment conditions
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Upheld involuntary internment of ethnically Japanese American citizens.
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Coordinates national security policy. Brings together the top military, foreign affairs, and intelligence officials in the administration. Created after the Cold War.
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President can only serve two terms.
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Ruled segregation is illegal. Said "Separate is inherently unequal."
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Washington D.C. residents can vote for president.
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187 African-American students gathered at the state capitol to protest racial injustice. Students did not end protest when police told them to and were arrested. Court said the state had no authority to disperse the students, as they were protesting legally.
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Outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
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Prohibited poll taxes.
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Expanded rights of people accused of crimes.
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Struck down all state laws banning interracial marriage.
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Protects applicants and employees of 40+ years old from discrimination based on age in hiring, promotion, discharge, compensation, privileges, etc. of employment.
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Lays down the rules for who becomes president if the president dies or resigns.
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Schools couldn’t prevent students from protesting the Vietnam War.
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Set the voting age at 18.
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President must consult with Congress before sending troops. Congress can force the president to end use of military with a concurrent resolution.
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Prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, schools, transportation, and all public and private places that are open to the general public.
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Congress cannot accept a pay raise until next term.
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Reorganization of agencies already in place such as:
Law enforcement
Border security
Transportation
Immigration- TSA (Transportation Security Administration)
CBP (Customs and Border Protection)
Secret Service
Coast Guard -
Ruled 2nd Amendment applies to federal, state, and local governments; upheld 2nd Amendment.
