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National Conference in Calcutta, and the Ilbert Bill controversy 1883
Organised by a critic of the regime in India, in reponse to the Ilbert Bill controversy. The Ilbert Bill allowed some whites in Calcutta can be tried by an Indian magistrates. There is a racist pushback against the bill, especially white women who should not be allowed to be tried by Indian men. This was a catalyst as it exposed the racist and insulting nature of colonial rule in India, especially as it was against Indian magistrates who were supposed to be educated and trusted by the Empire -
Period: to
Period of the Early Nationalists (INC)
They are known as "Early Nationalists" because they believed in demanding reforms while adopting constitutional and peaceful means to achieve their aims.[6][7] The Early Nationalists had full faith in the British sense of justice, fair play, honesty, and integrity while they believed that British rule was a boon for India.[8] The Early Nationalists were staunch believers in open-minded and moderate politics.[9][10] -
Indian National Congress founded
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Period: to
Decade of depression, famine, and plague
Overall decline in the population -
1893 Hindu–Muslim cow riots
The 1893 cow killing riots started during the Muslim festival of Bakr-Id, the riot repeated in 1894, and they were the largest riots in British India after the 1857 revolt.[67] Riots triggered by cow-killings erupted in Lahore, Ambala, Delhi, United Provinces, Bihar and other places in the late 19th century. -
Partition of Bengal
Curzon therefore united the eastern regions of Bengal with Assam, forming a new province of some 31 million, leaving almost 50 million to a second province in the west. Splitting the province in this fashion, however, made Muslims the majority community in eastern Bengal, while non-Bengalis formed the majority in the west. To the English-educated Bengali middle class this was a blatant attempt to reduce their power. To oppose the partition they organized a boycott of British imports. -
Muslim League founded
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Surat split moderates/radical
The Moderates and the Radicals patched up their differences for a year, but in 1907 the two groups permanently split. -
Period: to
Period of the Assertive Nationalists (INC)
Instead, they began adopting aggressive measures like Swadeshi and Boycott and openly accused British for the 'economic crisis of India' and for gaining freedom from the British rule in India -
Indian Councils Act of 1909
A momentous introduction in the reforms was the separate electorates, with seats reserved for Muslims in which only Muslims would be polled. The implication that Muslims and their interests could be protected only by Muslims would influence Indian politics in the ensuing decades. -
Bengal reunited
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WW1 starts
The war years, however, saw a heightening of expectations that India would nowwin the self-determination the Allies claimed to be fighting for. To this end, new alliances formed among moderates and radicals, Congress and the League -
Lucknow Pact
The Lucknow Pact was seen as a beacon of hope to Hindu–Muslim unity. It was the first time that the Hindus and Muslims had made a joint demand for political reform to the British. It led to a growing belief in British India that Home Rule (self-government) was a real possibility. The pact also marked the high-water mark of Hindu-Muslim unity -
Government of Indian Act, 1919
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Jallianwala Bagh massacre
Estimates of those killed vary between 379 and 1500+ people[1] and over 1,200 other people were injured of whom 192 were seriously injured -
Nagpur Congress session
First non-cooperation movement dominated conference. Also where Gandhi's new constitution is ratified. -
Chauri Chaura incident
22 policemen killed after they opened fire on a group on non-cooperation movement protestors. -
Gandhi elected president of congress
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Round Table Conference
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Gandhi resigns from INC