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Jan 1, 1000
Paleo Period
Paleo Information
Paleo indians developed from Asian migration across the Bering Stait Landbrige. They hunted with large spear heads called "Clovis point". The large spear heads help them kill large game animals like the mammoth, bison, ground sloth, and the sabor tooth tiger. Their trade and religion was not organized. -
Jan 1, 1000
Archaic Period
Archaic period
Archaic indians had a seasonal migration. They would always return back to their same spots each season. They lived in caves, pithouses, and underground shelters. They hunted with smaller and thinner spear heads. These spear heads helped them hunt smaller game animals like deer, bears, turkey, fish, oysters, and other small animals. There was no evidence of organized trade or rel -
Jan 1, 1000
Woodland Period
Woodland Period
The woodland indians started forming tribes. They lived in round houses that still resemble huts. They hunted with bow and arrows. They also experimented with farming. Some of the foods they farmed was sqaush and beans. They hunted small game animals. There were some evidence of trade but it was not organized. They had burial mounds and rock animals as their religion. -
Period: Jan 1, 1000 to
Mississippian Period
Mississippian
The Mississippian indians began to form cities. They were the first true civilization. They had the most advanced bow and arrow. They were also the first to live off of agriculture. They farmed corn, beans, and squash. They hunted smaller game animals also. Their trade and religion was the most advanced. -
Nov 1, 1540
Hernando de Soto
Hernando de Soto came to Georgia in search of gold. De Soto's indians killed thousands of American indians. Many of the other indians died from diseases brought to the New world by the Spanish. Soto's expedition into North America was a failure. -
Period: Oct 29, 1554 to
John Reynolds
John Reynolds
John Reynolds was Georgia's first royal governor. He was a captain in the Bristish royal navy. He decided to run the colony alone. Most people disagreed with his choise. Reynolds got replaced by Ellis. -
Salzburgers Arrive
Salzburgers arrive
The Salzburgers arrived in Savannah, Georgia. This happened after two months trip across the Atlantic Ocean. The Salzburgers society was established in 1925. The Salzburgers arrived in Savannah to escape religious persecution in their native country. -
Chater of 1732
Charter of 1732
The Charter of 1732 was a document granted to 20 trustees. It was for the foundation of what became the last colony for England, the colony of Georgia. The charter gave trustees power in setting up and running the colony. There were no representation of colonists in esablishing laws. -
Georgia Founded
Georgia was founded by James Oglethorpe. He was given a charter from King George the second in 1732. This was tp create a new colony, which was named Georgia. Georgia was located i between South Carolina and Florida. -
Highland Scots Arrive
Highland Scots Arrive
A group of colonists from Scotland put down deep roots along Georgia. Today it is evidence. Records reveal the countless Highland Scots migrated to North Carolina during the colonial
period. Many highland Scots chose to settle mainly in North Carolina. -
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Henry Ellis
HenryEllis
Henery Ellis was Georgia's second royal governor. He brought the people of the colony together. He promoted farming and large farms. He also promoted a variety of goods. The population grew to 10,000 with 3,600 slaves. Henry Ellis accomplished major economic growth, major growth of population, and fostered a good relationship with natives. He sufffered from heat related illnesses. -
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James Wright
James Wright
James Wright was Georgia's third and final royal governor. He expanded farms and trade. He owned land increased from 1m to 7m acres. He also fortified Savannah's defenses. James Wright had two major errors. He tried to move the capital away from Savannah. He enforces the act regardless of peoples opinions. -
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American Revolution
American Revolution
Before and after the American Revolution, the Georgians faced a unique set of problems. The northern radicals did not support the movement towards independence.One main reason was for protection. England offered a level of safety that the new nation could not. -
Elijah Clarke/ Kettle Creek
Elijah Clarke was born in 1742. He was the son of John Clarke. Around 1763 Clarke married Hannah Harrington. In the rebel victory at Kettle Creek, Georgia, Clarke led the charge. Wilkes county is where Kettle Creek flows. -
Austin Dabney
Austin Dabney was a slave who fought against the British. This happened in the American Revolutionary war. He was born a mulatto slave in Wake county, North Carolina, sometime in the 1760's. The only American to be granted land, fifty acres, by the state Georgia was Austin Dabney. -
University of Georgia Founded
During the post- Revolutionary war period educational growth was slow. People only had a few years of elementary education. The best farmers even knew just a little reading or msth. Most citizens of Georgia did not even go to school. Twenty thousand acres of land was set aside for a state college in 1784. Franklin college was an all male, all white college. Females were not allowed to the University of Georgia until 1918. -
Capital moved to Louisville
The capital rotated between Savannah and Augusta. It was difficult for state's citizens to travel when Georgia's population moved inland. Augusta was to far east for the state's citizens. The legislature appointed a commision to find a sife for permanent capital. There is a little bit of history about the Lousiville capital other than it was a brick, two-story building. -
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constitutional convention
constitutinal convention georgia assembly appointed Abraham Baldwin, William Few, William Houston, and William Peirce as its delegates to the constitutional convention. This was in the summer of 1787 and held in Philadephia. During the convention there were many disagreements and debates. Few and Baldwin stayed until the end. They signed the new U.S. sonstitution. -
Georgia Ratifies Constitution
Georgia was the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution. Georgia began a revision of its state constitution in convention. The constitution of 1789 happened after the U.S. constitution. It provided the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. -
Eli Whitney and the cottton gin
this time was when the cotton gin was invented. Cotton was not a profitable business. It took way to long to take the seeds out of the cotton by hand. It was very difficukt topay people for hrlp. The invention sped up the cotton gin business. -
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Yazoo Land Fraud
There were large land copanies bribed and payed legislators to change the law. There were companies that purchased large tracts of cheap land. People got mad at the corruption voted out crooked ligislators. Feds punished Georgia and took land from the Mississippi river to the Chattahoochee RIver. -
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Trail of Tears
The Cherokee Removal was also called the Trail of Tears. The Trail of Tears refers to the forced relocation in 1838. 4,000 of 15,000 Cherokees were afected. The Cherokees were not the only Native Americans forced to emigrate. -
Missouri Compromise
Missouri was a slave state.Maine entered the union as a free state. The northern part of Missouri were free of slaves. The south part was the complete opposite. Both north and south supported their ways because it kept the balance. THis was in the Senate and provided a temporary solution to the slavery question. -
Dahlonega Gold Rush
No documented evidence for gold in Georgia is found yet. August 1, 1829 two gold mines has been discovered. From the beginning of the gold rush, trade in the gold region suffered from a limited circulation of currency. In 1838 congress soon authorized the establishment of a federal Branch Mint at Dahlogena. -
Henry Mcneal Turner
Henry McNeal Turner was a pioneering church organizer and missionary. He became an outspoken advocate of back-to-Africa emigration later on in life. Turner was born in 1834 in Newberry Courthouse, South Carolina. His parents were Sarah Greer and Hardy Turner. -
Compromise of 1850
There was a compromise to keep balance of the policies.In the north California enters as a free state. All runaway slaves must be returned to their owners. This was the Fugative slave law and happened in the south. New Mexico and Utah would make the decision to be slave free or have slaves. The people in the District of Columbia could keep the slaves they already had. -
Georgia Platform
TheGeorgia Platform was instrumental in averting a national crisis. Slavery had been at the core of sectional tentions between the north and south. In 1850, the compromise and the consiliation remained viable alternatives to secession and war. Georgia was best prepared to respond to events, having established a provision for a special convetion to diliberate alternatives. -
Kansas Nebraska Act
In the Kansas and Nebraska there was a law mandating "popular soveregenity". Popular soveregenity was the voting on slavery. Settlers from Missouri and Iowa fought for slavery. This fight was called "Bleeding Kansas". The south supported the KNA while the north opposed it. -
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Tom Watson and the Populist
Thomas Watson was the voice of the Populist Party. In his later years he was known as a racist and divisive politician. He earned his political stripes as an advocate for farmers. On September 26, 1922, in the second year of his six-year term. Watson died. -
Dred Scott Case
Dred Scott was a slave. His owner moved to a free slave state. Dred Scott sued for freedom stating that he should be free. The court says that he won't be free because he is not a citizen. The court also says he is still property of his owner and remains that way. -
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Union Blockade of Georgia
The battle between ship and shore was a pivotal part of the union strategy. This was to subdue the state during the civil war. It took time to materialize President Abraham Lincoln's call. By 1862 the Union navy had positioned a serviceable fleet off the coast of South. -
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International Cotton Exposition
In Oglethorpe Park in 1881, Atlanta held its first exposition. It was named the International Cotton Exposition. The city then had fewer than 40,000 residents. The most ambitious of the city's cotton expositions was staged in 1895. The International Cotton Exposition made things a bit easier. -
election of 1860
The divisions in the country had reached a breaking point by 1860. Southerners were outraged over a plot by abolitionist John Brown to start a slave rebellion at Harpers Ferry. The presidential Election of 1860 brought these conflicts to a head with dramatic consequences. On December 20, 1860 South Carolina responded to Lincoln’s election first, seceding from the Union. -
Battle of Antietam
On September 16, 1862, Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan and his Union Army of the Potomac confronted Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia at Sharpsburg, Maryland. The next day around dawn Maj. General Joseph Hooker’s Union corps mounted a powerful assault on Lee’s left flank. His left flank is what began the Battle of Antietam. It also began the single bloodiest day in American military history. -
Emancipation Proclamation
On January 1, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. The nation approached its third yearof bloody war. The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and pushed forward will be free." Despite this expansive wording, the Emancipation Proclamation was limited in many ways. -
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Battle of Gettysburg
General Robert E. Lee concentrated his army around Gettys Burg, Pennsylvannia. He awaited the approach of Union Gen. On July 1, early Union success faltered as Confederates pushed back against the Iron Brigade. They also exploited a weak Federal line at Barlow’s Knoll. -
Battle of Chickamauga
Maj. Gen. William Rosecrans continued the Union offensive after the successful Tullahoma Campaign. They were aiming to force Gen. Braxton Bragg’s Confederate army out of Chattanooga. After many skillful marches to the Confederate-held city, Rosecrans forced Bragg out of Chattanooga and into Georgia. Bragg followed the federals north determined to reoccupy the city. -
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Sherman's Atlanta Campaign
Historians have given the name "Atlanta Campaign" to the Civil War military operations. These operations were in north Georgia during the spring and summer of 1864. Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant placed Sherman, in command of all three Union armies between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River. Johnston nor Sherman was informed about the taking of Atlanta as a military objective. -
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Andersonville Prison Camp
The Andersonville prison was located at Camp Sumter. It was the largest Confederate military prison during the American Civil War. The site of the prison is now Andersonville National Historic Site in Andersonville, Georgia. It also includes the site of the Civil War prison. -
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Sherman's March to the Sea
The march to the sea was the most destructive campaign against a civilian population. It began in Atlanta on November 15, 1864, and concluded in Savannah on December 21, 1864. Sherman spent several weeks making preparations for a change of base to the coast. This was after Sherman's forces captured Atlanta on September 2, 1864. -
The Thirteeth Amendment
The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution officially abolished and continues to prohibit slavery to this day. It banned slavery and all involuntary servitude, except in the case of punishment for a crime. In 1863, President Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation ended slavery in rebellious states. Confederate States were required by congress to ratify the Thirteenth Amendment as a condition of regaining federal representation. -
Freedman's Bureau
The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands were often referred to the Freedman's Bureau. The Freedman's Bureau was established in the War Department by an act of March 3, 1865. The bureau records were created or maintained by bureau headquarters. Which were the assistant commissioners. -
14th Amendment
The Fourteenth Amendment addresses many aspects of citizenship and the rights of citizens. The phrase most commonly used was "equal protection of the laws". The 14th amendment, intended that the amendment also nationalize the Federal Bill of Rights by making it binding upon the states. It failed to extend the Bill of Rights to the states; it also failed to protect the rights of black citizens. -
Ku Klux Klan Formed
Founded in 1866, the Ku Klux Klan extended into almost every southern state by 1870. It also became a vehicle for white southern resistance to the Republican Party’s Reconstruction-era policies. It aimed at establishing political and economic equality for blacks. Its members waged an underground campaign of intimidation and violence -
John and Lugenia Hope
John Hope was an important African American educator and race leader of the early twentieth century. In 1906 he became the first black president of Morehouse College. Twenty-three years later, in 1929, Hope went on to become the first African American president of Atlanta University. Hope embraced several civil rights organizations. -
15th Amendment
On February 3, 1870, the promise of the 15th Amendment would not be fully realized for almost a century. Through the use of poll taxes, literacy tests and other means, Southern states were able to effectively disenfranchise African Americans. It would take the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. It had to happen before the majority of African Americans in the South were registered to vote. -
Carl Vinson
Vinson was born on November 18, 1883, in Baldwin County. Vinson was one of seven children born to Edward Storey Vinson, a farmer, and Annie Morris. He attended Middle Georgia Military and Agricultural College in Milledgeville. In 1912 Vinson suffered his only defeat at the hands of the voters of middle Georgia in a political career that spanned six decades. -
Eugene Talmadge
Eugene Talmadge was born on the family farm near Forsyth on September 23, 1884. His parents were Carrie Roberts and Thomas R. Talmadge. After attending the University of Georgia and briefly teaching, Talmadge returned to Athens to earn a law degree. Talmadge made unsuccessful runs for state legislative office in 1920 and 1922. He finally won state elective office by defeating Commissioner of Agriculture J. J. Brown in 1926. -
Benjamin Mays
A distinguished African American minister, educator, scholar, and social activist. Benjamin Mays is perhaps best known as the longtime president of Morehouse College in Atlanta. Benjamin Elijah Mays was born on August 1, 1894. He was the youngest of eight children born to Louvenia Carter and Hezekiah Mays, tenant farmers and former slaves. -
Plessy vs Ferguson
Plessy v. Ferguson was the seminal post-Reconstruction Supreme Court decision. It was that judically validated state sponsored segregation in public facilities. It was by its creation and endorsement of the “separate but equal” doctrine as satisfying the Constitutional requirements provided in the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Homer Plessy was born a free man. -
WEB DuBois
WEB DuBois wrote some of his best known works. His life and work improved alot over the years. DuBois was born in a small New England Hamlet. His mother was a descendent of the Burghardt Clan. -
Richard Russell
Richard served in public office for fifty years as state legislator, governor of georgia, and U.S. Senator. Russell was best known for his efforts to strengthen the national defense and to oppose civil rights legislation. He favored his role as advocate for the small farmer and for soil and water conservation. -
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Word War 2
Southern states were critical to the war effort during World War 2. 320,000 Geprgians served in the U.S. Armed forces. This was during the World War 2. Also other people found emploment in burgeoning wartime industries. The World War 2 marked a watershed in Georgia's history. -
1906 Atlanta Riot
During the Atlanta race riot that occurred September 22-24, 1906, white mobs killed dozens of blacks. It also inflicted considerable property damage. Local newspaper reports of alleged assaults by black males on white females were the catalyst for the riot. -
William B. Hartsfield
William Berry Hartsfield was born March 1, 1890. His parents were Charles Green Hartsfield and Victoria Dagnall Hartsfield in Atlanta. He was educated in the Atlanta public school system but did not finish high school or attend college. He married Pearl Williams on August 2, 1913. -
Leo Frank Case
Mary Phagan was a child who moved to Atlanta for financial gain. Mary Phagan was murdered on April 26, 1913. It was late at night the factory watchman found her bruised and bloodied body in the cellar. The watchmen then called the police. Leo was acting very nervous when the police took him in for questioning the next morning. The police later found more "evidence" and took leo in as guilty for the murder of Mary Phagan. -
Herman Talmadge
Herman Eugene Talmadge was born on August 9, 1913. He was born in Telfair County. Talmadge was the only son of Eugene and Mattie Thurmond Talmadge. He married Katherine Williamson in 1937; they divorced three years later. In 1941 he married Betty Shingler, and they had two sons, Herman Eugene Jr. and Robert Shingler. -
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World War 1
On June 28, 1914, Georgia papers paid very little attention to the news. The assassination gave an immediate response from several European countries. All of the people that were concerned about the growing political instability. Also, the possible shift in power on the continent. -
Booker T. Washington
Booker T. Washington was a black educator and spokesman. He gave a speech later known as the "Atlanta Compromise". It was at the 1895 Cotton States and International Exposition in Atlanta. The speech provided that educational and economic opportunties were equal. -
Lester Maddox
Lester Maddox was born in Atlanta to a working class family. Lester ended up dropping out of high school and worked at Atlantic Steel and the works progress administration. He married Virginia Cox in 1936. They lasted until he was 61 until she died. -
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County Unit System
The county unit system was established in 1917. This was when the Georgia legislature passed the Neill Primary Act. The system of allotting votes by county allowed rural counties to control Georgia elections. This was by minimizing the impact of the growing urban centers, mainly Atlanta. -
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Jimmy Carter in Georgia
Jimmy Carter was the only Georgian elected president. He held office for one term, 1977-81. Jimmy Carter's policies contained a combination of liberal social values. and fiscal conservation. He championed equal rights for all americans, mainly women and minorities. -
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Great Depression
The Great Depression was an economic slump in North America, Europe, and other industrialized areas. It began in 1929 and lasted until about 1939. It was the longest and most severe depression. It was experienced by the industrialized Western world. -
Andrew Young
Andrew Young was born March 12, 1932. He was born in New Orleans, Louisianna, in a mddle class family. Andrew Young was also a dentist. He graduated in 1951 with a bachelors degree in science biology. He graduated from Howard University in Washington D.C. -
Agricultural Adjustment Act
In American history, major New Deal program to restore agricultural prosperity by curtailing farm production, reducing export surpluses, and raising prices. The Agricultural Adjustment Act was an omnibus farm-relief bill embodying the schemes of the major national farm organizations. It established the Agricultural Adjustment Administration under Secretary of Agriculture Henry Wallace. -
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Holocaust
The Holocaust was the murder of six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators. Holocaust" is a word of Greek origin meaning "sacrifice by fire." The Nazis, who came to power in Germany in January 1933, believed that Germans were "racially superior". They also believed hat the Jews, deemed "inferior," were an alien threat to the so-called German racial community. -
Civilian Conservation Corps
The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) is remembered as one of the most popular and effective. Established on March 31, 1933, the corps's objective was to recruit unemployed young men. The president's ambitious goal was to enroll a quarter of a million men by July 1, 1933. -
Rural Electrification
The Rural Electrification was created by the Roosevelt Administration in 1935 to bring electricity to rural areas. Farmers were urged to create electricity cooperative companies. While 90% of urban dwellers had electricity by the 1930s, only 10% of rural dwellers did and roughly 9 out of 10 farms had none. -
Pearl Harbor
December seventh, 1941, he attacking planes came in two waves. The first hits its target at 7:53 AM, the second hits at 8:55. 9:55 was when it was all over. Behind them they left chaos, 2,403 dead, 188 destroyed planes and a crippled Pacific Fleet. The Pacific Fleet included 8 damaged or destroyed battleships. -
Atlanta Hawks
The story of the Atlanta Hawks begins in 1946. The franchise known as the Tri-Cities Blackhawks was shared by three cities along the Mississippi River: Moline, Illinois; Rock Island, Illinois; and Davenport, Iowa. The team moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, then to St. Louis, Missouri, where the St. Louis Hawks won the franchise's only championship in 1958. -
1946 Governor's Race
In the summer of 1946 Eugene Talmadge won the Democratic primary for governor for the fourth time. His election was assured because the Republican Party in Georgia was not viable and had no nominee. -
Atlanta Falcons
In 1965 the Atlanta Falcons became the first professional football team in the city of Atlanta. They also were the fifteenth National Football League (NFL) franchise in existence. Nobis signed with the Falcons in December 1965 and went on to win Rookie of the Year honors. -
Atlanta Braves
On April 12, 1966, the Braves played their first regular season game in Atlanta Stadium before a sellout crowd of more than 50,000 enthusiastic fans. Mayor Ivan Allen Jr., who had worked tirelessly to bring the Braves to Atlanta, threw out the ceremonial first ball. -
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1996 olympic games
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Worchester Vs. Georgia
Worchester represented the Cherokee in the Supreme Court. Chief Justice John Marshall rukes in favor of the cherokee. Andrew Jackson was the president. He refused to enforce enforce the decision. He signed the indian removal act. All of the natives relocated west of the Mississippi river. -
Ivan Allen Jr.
Ivan Allen Jr. served as mayor of Atlanta from 1962 to 1970. Allen was born in Atlanta on March 15, 1911, the only son of Ivan Allen Sr. He was the founder of the Ivan Allen Company, an office products company, and Irene Beaumont Allen.
