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Prince Henry's school of navigation resulted in a breakthrough for Portuguese navigation. -
Gutenbergs although he was far from the first to automate the book-printing process. -
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The governments of Spain and Portugal agreed to the Treaty of Tordesillas, named for the city in Spain in which it was created. -
Ponce de León decided to invest much of his earnings in exploring the lands north of Puerto Rico and arrived in Florida. -
Marín Luther published a document he called Disputation on the Power of Indulgences, or 95 Theses. -
95 Theses against papal indulgences, or the atonement of sins through monetary payment, on the door of the church at Wittenberg, Germany. -
Hernán Cortés was a Spanish conqueror, who is remembered for conquering the Aztec Empire claiming Mexico for Spain. -
Pope Leo X issues the papal bull Decet Romanum Pontificem, which excommunicates Martin Luther from the Catholic Church. -
Henry VIII created the Church of England as a religious body unique from the Roman Catholic Church in order to achieve his goal of divorcing his first wife. -
The first Jesuits–Ignatius and six of his students–took vows of poverty and chastity and made plans to work for the conversion of Muslims. -
Driven by lust, Henry sought to seek an annulment from his first wife Catherine. -
Pizarro's bold victory at Cajamarca, however, effectively marked the end of the Inca Empire and the beginning of the European colonization of South America. -
The Act of Supremacy defined the right of Henry VIII to be supreme head on earth of the Church of England. -
His book is considered a defining book of the Reformation and a pillar of Protestant theology. -
The Council of Trent was a general council of Christendom which gathered to resolve the religious differences created by the Protestant revolt. -
Coronado led a major Spanish expedition up Mexico's western coast and into the region that is now the southwestern United States. -
The Council of Trent reaffirmed the authority and centrality of the Catholic Church, reformed abuses within the Church, codified scripture, established seminaries for a better-educated clergy, and condemned the Protestant Reformation as heresy. -
It was the first permanent legal basis for the coexistence of Lutheranism and Catholicism in Germany. -
He invented the steam engine to remove water faster and automatically from the mines -
The French and Indian War was the North American conflict in a larger imperial war between Great Britain and France known as the Seven Years' War. -
He invented the Spinning jenny, with this invention eight threads could be spunt at a time, rather than a singles threads using a spinning wheel. -
Watt's steam engine, this machine technology converts thermal energy into mechanical energy. The boiler heats the water until it turns into steam. -
The colonists dumped a charge of British tea into Boston harbor in protest at the Crown's attempt at taxation. In response, the government introduced a series of measures known as 'Intolerable Acts'. -
He invented sand casting. Sand mold casting is a metal casting process known for using sand as the mold material. -
The First Continental Congress convened in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Delegates from twelve colonies met to discuss America's future under growing British aggression. -
The Battles of Concord and Lexington were the first military engagement of the American Revolutionary War. -
The Second Continental Congress was a late-18th- century meeting of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that unites in support of the American Revolutionary War. -
The Declaration of Independence, by issuing the Declaration of Independence, adopted by the Continental Congress. The 13 American colonies severed their political connections to Great Britain. -
At about 11 p.m. on Christmas, Washington's army commenced its crossing of the half-frozen river at three locations. The 2,400 soldiers led by Washington successfully braved the icy and freezing river and reached the New Jersey side of the Delaware just before dawn. -
It gave the Americans a decisive victory against the British forces. These battles were important because they convinced France to support them as an ally of the United States. -
French soldiers helped to reinforce the continental army at the final battle of Yorktown. The Spanish also sent supplies to the colonies during the Revolutionary War. -
He invented the Mule-Jenny, combined the elements of Jenny and frame, the latter could make the finest and most resistant thread. -
British General Charles Cornwallis surrendered his army of some 8,000 men to General George Washington at Yorktown, giving up any chance of winning the Revolutionary War. -
He introduced two new procedures: puddling and rolling. -
He invented mechanical loom that is faster and more efficient than the existing ones. The machine was patented in 1785, although design flaws made it virtually useless. -
The political and financial situation in France had grown rather bleak, forcing Louis XVI to summon the Estates General. -
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There they took an oath never to separate until a written constitution had been established for France. -
A state prison on the east side of Paris, known as the Bastille, was attacked by an angry and aggressive mob -
The king and his family were eventually arrested in the town of Varennes, 31 miles from their ultimate destination, the heavily fortified royalist citadel of Montmédy. -
He invented the cotton shelling machine, this simple machine is to mechanize the production of cotton fiber -
He was brought to trail for treason and executed by guillotine on 21 January 1793. His wife, Mary Antoinette, was executed in the same way nine months later. -
He presented his invention of placing food in glass bottles covered with corks fastened with wire and sealed with wax or sealing wax and then putting them in boiling water for a while. -
Coup d'état that overthrew the system of government under the Directory in France and substituted the Consulate, making way for the despotism of Napoleon Bonaparte. -
He built the first steam locomotive. The locomotive had a single cylinder, it had a flywheel and the transmission of force to the wheels was carried out by gears. -
The decisive victory of Napoleon's Grande Armée at Austerlitz brought the War of the Third Coalition to a rapid end, with the Treaty of Pressburg signed by the Austrians later in the month. -
He created the steamboat, but it was not until 1807 that Robert Fulton carried out the construction and commercialization of the first steamboat in history. -
Started in Spain with the Dos de Mayo Uprising on 2 May 1808 in Madrid and spread across the country. The Spaniards revolted because they saw Ferdinand VII as the successor of Charles IV. -
This battle was the first open-field defeat of a Napoleonic army. The heaviest fighting took place near Bailén a village by the Guadalquivir river in the Jaén province of southern Spain. -
Modern Luddites do indeed invent machines, in the form of computer viruses, cyberworms and other malware, to disrupt the technologies that trouble the -
The unified armed forces of Russia, Prussia, Austria and Sweden prevailed in a decisive victory over Napoleon and his allies on German soil. -
Elba meant exile for Napoleon, but it was no prison. Napoleon specifically chose it because it had good weather and defenses, and he took up residence in a villa with harbor views built by the Medicis in the 1700s. -
The decisive battle of its age, it concluded a war that had raged for 23 years, ended French attempts to dominate Europe, and destroyed Napoleon's imperial power forever. -
Napoleon spent more than five years on the island, arriving in October 1815. It's where he created his myth, dictated his memoirs and battled chronic pain from old battlefield injuries and, possibly, fatal stomach cancer. -
Stephenson built his first locomotive for the Killingworth mine: the Blücher. -
He was the first to produce an electric current from a magnetic field, invented the first electric motor and dynamo, demonstrated the relation between electricity and chemical bonding, discovered the effect of magnetism on light. -
John Deere was a blacksmith who developed the first commercially successful, self-scouring steel plow and founded the company that still bears his name. -
He invented the Telegraph, there were signaling systems that enabled people to communicate over distances. -
He was the inventor of the telephone, despite the fact that historically the creation of the device was attributed to the American of Scottish origin, Alexander Graham Bell. -
He revolutionized steel production thanks to an air-based iron decarbonization system. Thus, he managed to lower costs and manufacture a more resistant and lighter steel on a large scale. -
The world's first underground railway opened in London in 1863, as a way of reducing street congestion. -
He invented the first industrial refrigeration machine; managed to condition a ship to transport refrigerated meat. -
Bell was granted his telephone patent. A few days later, he made the first-ever telephone call to Watson, allegedly uttering the now-famous phrase. -
Thomas Alva Edison was an American inventor and businessman. He developed many devices in fields such as electric power generation, mass communication, sound recording, and motion pictures. -
He invented the automobile, the first automobile it was created with three wheels, one steering wheel and it was open, with no cover. -
Brothers Wilbur and Orville Wright were the first men to make a controllable, powered, heavier-than-air aircraft sustain itself in flight. -
Napoleon crowned himself Emperor Napoleon I at Notre Dame de Paris. According to legend, during the coronation he snatched the crown from the hands of Pope Pius VII and crowned himself, thus displaying his rejection of the authority of the Pontiff. -