Founding Fathers

By Jawood
  • Massacre at Mystic

    Massacre at Mystic
    The Mystic massacre took place during the Pequot War, when colonists under Captain John Mason and their Narragansett and Mohegan allies set fire to the Pequot Fort near the Mystic River. They killed every man, women, and child in the fort.
  • The Scalp Act

    The Scalp Act
    The Scalp Act was enacted in 1756 by Governor of Pennsylvania Robert Morris. It was enacted to get rid of the Delaware. Male scalps older than 12 were worth $150, any female scalps or males younger than 12 were worth $130.
  • The Boston Tea Party

    The Boston Tea Party
    It was a protest on British taxes.
  • The Battles of Lexington and Concord

    The Battles of Lexington and Concord
    Tensions had been building for many years between residents of the 13 American colonies and the British authorities. This set off the Revolutionary War
  • The Battles of Lexington and Concord

    The Battles of Lexington and Concord
    The Battles of Lexington and Concord were the first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War.
  • The Declaration of Independence is Signed

    The Declaration of Independence is Signed
    The signing of the United States Declaration of Independence occurred primarily on August 2, 1776 at the Pennsylvania State House, Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
  • The Winter at Valley Forge

    The Winter at Valley Forge
    Valley Forge functioned as the third of eight winter encampments for the Continental Army's main body, commanded by General George Washington, during the American Revolutionary War.
  • The Winter at Valley Forge

    The Winter at Valley Forge
    Valley Forge was the winter encampment for the continental army led by General George Washington.
  • Benedict Arnold turns traitor

    Benedict Arnold turns traitor
    Benedict Arnold was an early American hero of the Revolutionary War who later became one of the most infamous traitors in U.S. history after he switched sides and fought for the British
  • The Battle of Cowpens

    The Battle of Cowpens
    The Battle of Cowpens was an engagement during the American Revolutionary War fought near the town of Cowpens, South Carolina, between U.S. forces under Brigadier General Daniel Morgan and British forces under Lieutenant Colonel Sir Banastre Tarleton.
  • Article of Confederation are Ratified

    Article of Confederation are Ratified
    Marylanders were given further incentive to ratify when Virginia agreed to relinquish its western land claims, and so the Maryland legislature ratified the Articles of Confederation
  • The Battle of Yorktown

    The Battle of Yorktown
    The Battle of Yorktown was the important battle in the Revolutionary War
  • The 3/5ths Compromise

    The 3/5ths Compromise
    The 3/5ths Compromise was between delegates from the Northern and the Southern states at the United States Constitutional Convention (1787) that three-fifths of the slave population would be counted for determining direct taxation and representation in the House of Representatives.
  • The Constitution is Ratified

    The Constitution is Ratified
    on December 7, 1787, by an unanimous vote, 30 - 0. The featured document is an endorsed ratification of the federal Constitution
  • Presidential Inauguration of George Washington

    Presidential Inauguration of George Washington
    The first inauguration of George Washington as the first President of the United States was held on Thursday, April 30, 1789 on the balcony of Federal Hall in New York City, New York.
  • Washington’s Farewell Address

    Washington’s Farewell Address
    Washington's Farewell Address is a letter written by American President George Washington as a valedictory to "friends and fellow-citizens" after 20 years of public service to the United States
  • The Death of George Washington

    The Death of George Washington
    The first President died, and a couple months later they held an election for the second president.
  • Election Day, 1800

    Election Day, 1800
    The Federalist John Adams ran against the rising Republican Thomas Jefferson
  • Marbury vs. Madison

    Marbury vs. Madison
    A landmark U.S. Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review in the United States, meaning that American courts have the power to strike down laws, statutes, and some government actions that they find to violate the Constitution of the United States
  • Battle of Tippecanoe

    Battle of Tippecanoe
    The government wanted to expand pass the Appalachian Mountains, so Major General William Henry Harrison was sent to Prophetstown to destroy the power of an intertribal defensive alliance being promoted by Tecumseh and his brother. To which became the Battle of Tippecanoe.
  • The USS Constitution defeats the HMS Guerriere

    The USS Constitution defeats the HMS Guerriere
    USS Constitution vs HMS Guerriere was an action between the two ships during the War of 1812, approximately 400 miles southeast of Halifax, Nova Scotia. It took place shortly after war had broken out.
  • The Battle of Baltimore

    The Battle of Baltimore
    The Battle of Baltimore was a sea/land battle fought between British invaders and American defenders in the War of 1812.
  • The Battle of New Orleans

    The Battle of New Orleans
    The Battle of New Orleans was fought between the British Army under Major General Sir Edward Pakenham and the United States Army under Brevet Major General Andrew Jackson, roughly 5 miles southeast of the French Quarter of New Orleans
  • The Missouri Compromise

    The Missouri Compromise
    The Missouri Compromise was a compromise in congress to keep the power equal between slave and free states. Congress agreed to allow Missouri statehood as long as Maine became a state as well.
  • The Election of Andrew Jackson

    The Election of Andrew Jackson
    Andrew Jackson ran against John Quincy Adams
  • Indian Removal Act

    Indian Removal Act
    The law authorized the president to negotiate with southern Native American tribes for their removal to federal territory west of the Mississippi River in exchange for the settlement of their ancestral lands.
  • Trail of Tears

    Trail of Tears
    President Andrew Jackson signed The Indian Removal which led to the Trail of Tears, which was a series of forced relocations of approximately 60,000 Native Americans between 1830 and 1850 by the United States government.
  • Nat Turner Rebellion

    Nat Turner Rebellion
    Nat Turner's Rebellion was a rebellion of black slaves that took place in Southampton County, Virginia, led by Nat Turner. The rebels killed between 55 and 65 people, 51 of whom were white.
  • The Battle of the Alamo

    The Battle of the Alamo
    The Battle of the Alamo was a pivotal event in the Mexican-American War. Following a 13-day siege, Mexican troops under President General Antonio López de Santa Anna reclaimed the Alamo Mission near San Antonio
  • Mexico loses California, New Mexico, and Arizona

    Mexico loses California, New Mexico, and Arizona
    The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, that brought an official end to the Mexican-American War. By its terms, Mexico ceded 55 percent of its territory, including parts of present-day Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas, Colorado, Nevada, and Utah, to the United States. Mexico relinquished all claims to Texas, and recognized the Rio Grande as the southern boundary with the United States
  • The Fugitive Slave Act

    The Fugitive Slave Act
    The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 was part of the Compromise of 1850. The act required that slaves be returned to their owners, even if they were in a free state. The act also made the federal government responsible for finding, returning, and trying escaped slaves.
  • Dred Scott Decision

    Dred Scott Decision
    In 1846 Dred Scott sued Irene Emerson for his freedom because they traveled to Illinois and Illinois was a free state so Dred Scott thought that since he was in a free state he had been freed by law but, in the ruling, the U.S. supreme court stated that slaves were not citizens of the United States and, therefore, could not expect any protection from the Federal Government or the courts.
  • The Dead Rabbits Riot

    The Dead Rabbits Riot
    The Dead Rabbits riot was a two-day civil disturbance in New York City evolving from what was originally a small-scale street fight between members of the Dead Rabbits and the Bowery Boys into a citywide gang war. It was the largest disturbance since the Astor Place Riot in 1849 and the biggest scene of gang violence until the New York Draft Riots of 1863.
  • Abraham Lincoln Elected President

    Abraham Lincoln Elected President
    Lincoln won in a four way contest between himself, Stephen A. Douglas, John C. Breckinridge, and John Bell.
  • South Carolina secedes from the United States

    South Carolina secedes from the United States
    South Carolina became the first slave state in the south to declare that it had seceded from the United States. James Buchanan, the United States president, declared the act illegal but did not act to stop it.
  • The First Battle of Bull Run

    The First Battle of Bull Run
    The First Battle of Bull Run was the first major battle of the American Civil War and was a Confederate victory
  • Emancipation Proclamation

    Emancipation Proclamation
    The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free." The emancipation proclamation freed all slaves in the US.
  • The Battle of Gettysburg

    The Battle of Gettysburg
    The Battle of Gettysburg was fought in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, by Union and Confederate forces during the American Civil War. The battle involved the largest number of casualties of the entire war and is often described as the war's turning point
  • Slave Trade Ends in the United States

    Slave Trade Ends in the United States
    In 1794 The 1794 Act was passed by congress making the act of American Ships participating in the slave trade illegal. In 1807 The Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves was passed, which made it illegal to import slaves into the US. In 1865 the 13th Amendment was passed which made slavery illegal.
  • 13th Amendment

    13th Amendment
    The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.
  • The Treaty at Appomattox Courthouse

    The Treaty at Appomattox Courthouse
    The final battle of the Civil War and Confederate General Robert E. Lee's surrender to Union Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant
  • The Ku Klux Klan is Established

    The Ku Klux Klan is Established
    In Pulaski, Tennessee, a group of Confederate veterans convenes to form a secret society that they christen the “Ku Klux Klan.” The KKK rapidly grew from a secret social fraternity to a paramilitary force bent on reversing the federal government’s progressive Reconstruction Era-activities in the South, especially policies that elevated the rights of the local African American population.
  • 14th Amendment

    14th Amendment
    The 14th Amendment gave everyone born or naturalized in the US citizenship and the right of protection under the law.
  • 15th Amendment

    15th Amendment
    The 15th Amendment gave African American men the right to vote.
  • John D. Rockefeller Creates Standard Oil

    John D. Rockefeller Creates Standard Oil
    In 1870, he established Standard Oil, which by the early 1880s controlled some 90 percent of U.S. refineries and pipelines.
  • Alexander Graham Bell Patents the Telephone

    Alexander Graham Bell Patents the Telephone
    Bell was granted his telephone patent. A few days later, he made the first-ever telephone call to Watson, allegedly uttering the now-famous phrase, “Mr. Watson, come here. I want you.” This let people from very far distances speak to one another and they didn't have to spend time decoding morse code.
  • Battle of Little Bighorn

    Battle of Little Bighorn
    The Battle of Little Bighorn occurred because, the second Treaty of Fort Laramie, in which the Lakota, Dakota, and Arapaho were given exclusive rights to the Dakota Territory was broken.
  • The Great Oklahoma Land Race

    The Great Oklahoma Land Race
    50,000 people lined up for their piece of the available two million acres in central Oklahoma. The Oklahoma Land Rush of 1889 was the first land rush into the Unassigned Lands.
  • Battle of Wounded Knee

    Battle of Wounded Knee
    The Battle of Wounded Knee, was a domestic massacre of nearly three hundred Lakota people, by soldiers of the United States Army.
  • Ellis Island Opens to Process Immigrants

    Ellis Island Opens to Process Immigrants
    When Ellis Island opened it allowed immigrants to come and start a life in America. This allowed for more workers for the factories.
  • Plessy vs. Ferguson

    Plessy vs. Ferguson
    Plessy vs. Ferguson upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities are equal. Which is were the term "Separate but Equal" comes from.
  • The sinking of the USS Maine

    The sinking of the USS Maine
    The USS Maine was sent to Havana Harbor to protect U.S. interests during the Cuban War of Independence. She exploded and sank, killing three quarters of her crew.
  • Battle of the Philippines

    Battle of the Philippines
    Battle of Manila Bay was the defeat of the Spanish Pacific fleet by the U.S. Navy, resulting in the fall of the Philippines and contributing to the final U.S. victory in the Spanish-American War.
  • The Wizard of Oz (Book) is Published

    The Wizard of Oz (Book) is Published
    The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, children's book written by L. Frank Baum and first published in 1900. Modern fairy tale with a distinctly American setting, a delightfully levelheaded and assertive heroine, and engaging fantasy characters, the story was enormously popular and became a classic of children's literature.
  • J.P. Morgan Founds U.S. Steel

    J.P. Morgan Founds U.S. Steel
    One of the most powerful bankers of his era, financed railroads and helped organize U.S. Steel, General Electric and other major corporations. Morgan used his influence to help stabilize American financial markets during several economic crises, including the panic of 1907
  • Teddy Roosevelt Becomes President of the United States

    Teddy Roosevelt Becomes President of the United States
    Roosevelt was a leader of the progressive movement, and he championed his "Square Deal" domestic policies, promising the average citizen fairness, breaking of trusts, regulation of railroads, and pure food and drugs.
  • Ford Motor Company is Founded

    Ford Motor Company is Founded
    Henry Ford's Model T put the world on wheels with a simple, affordable, durable automobile.
  • Ida Tarbell Publishes Her Article About Standard Oil

    Ida Tarbell Publishes Her Article About Standard Oil
    Her work was a sensation and the installments became a two-volume book entitled, The History of the Standard Oil Company, published in 1904. Tarbell meticulously documented the aggressive techniques Standard Oil employed to outmaneuver and, where necessary, roll over whoever got in its way.
  • Creation of the NAACP

    Creation of the NAACP
    The NAACP was created in 1909 by an interracial group consisting of W.E.B. Du Bois, Ida Bell Wells-Barnett, Mary White Ovington, and others concerned with the challenges facing African Americans in America.
  • The 16th Amendment is Passed

    The 16th Amendment is Passed
    The 16th amendment established Congress's right to impose a Federal income tax. The Sixteenth Amendment, ratified in 1913, played a central role in building up the powerful American federal government of the twentieth century by making it possible to enact a modern, nationwide income tax.
  • Angel Island Opens to Process Immigrants

    Angel Island Opens to Process Immigrants
    The hastily built immigration station was opened on the northeastern edge of Angel Island, ready to receive its first guests. The facility was created to monitor the flow of Chinese immigrants entering the country after the implementation of the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882.
  • The 17th Amendment is Passed

    The 17th Amendment is Passed
    It was ratified April 8, 1913, the 17th amendment modified Article I, section 3, of the Constitution by allowing voters to cast direct votes for U.S. Senators.
  • Sacco and Vanzetti arrested for armed robbery and murder

    Sacco and Vanzetti arrested for armed robbery and murder
    The Sacco and Vanzetti trial was very controversial because, they were blame and executed for a murder they didn't commit. They were tried and found guilty because they were Italian immigrants and they were anarchist.
  • KDKA goes on the air from Pittsburgh

    KDKA goes on the air from Pittsburgh
    KDKA went on the air with a broadcast of the returns of the Harding-Cox presidential election.
  • 1st Miss American Pageant

    1st Miss American Pageant
    At its start in 1921, it was an activity designed to attract tourists to extend their Labor Day holiday weekend and enjoy festivities in Atlantic City, New Jersey. The first Miss America was 16 year old Margaret Gorman.
  • Teapot Dome Scandal

    Teapot Dome Scandal
    The Teapot Dome Scandal was a scandal involving U.S. President Warren G. Harding. It was exposed that Harding's administration was excepting bribes from private oil companies to drill in the government oil reserves in Teapot Dome, Wyoming.
  • 1st Winter Olympics Held

    1st Winter Olympics Held
    The first Winter Olympic sports were held in Chamonix, France in 1924. They had nine sanctioned sports.
  • J.Edgar Hoover Becomes Head of the FBI

    J.Edgar Hoover Becomes Head of the FBI
    President Calvin Coolidge appointed Hoover as the fifth Director of the Bureau of Investigation, partly in response to allegations that the prior director, William J. Burns, was involved in the Teapot Dome scandal.
  • The Great Gatsby published by F. Scott Fitzgerald

    The Great Gatsby published by F. Scott Fitzgerald
    F. Scott Fitzgerald captured the entire 20s in his novel The Great Gatsby.
  • Mein Kampf is Published

    Mein Kampf is Published
    Mein Kampf is an autobiographical manifesto by Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler. The book describes the process of how Hitler became antisemitic and describes his political ideology and plans for Germany.
  • Scopes Monkey Trial

    Scopes Monkey Trial
    The Scopes Monkey Trial was a trial between the state of Tennessee and John Thomas Scopes. John Scopes was a high school science teacher who taught Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. Which in Tennessee at the time was illegal.
  • The Jazz Singer debuts (1st movie with sound)

    The Jazz Singer debuts (1st movie with sound)
    The Jazz Singer, American musical film, released in 1927, that was the first feature-length movie with synchronized dialogue. It marked the ascendancy of “talkies” and the end of the silent-film era.
  • Charles Lindbergh completes solo flight across the Atlantic

    Charles Lindbergh completes solo flight across the Atlantic
    Charles Lindbergh made history when he became the first person to fly nonstop across the Atlantic. He flew from New York to Paris in 33.5 hours.
  • Black Tuesday (Stock Market Crash)

    Black Tuesday (Stock Market Crash)
    Black Tuesday was the day on Wall Street when the stock market crashed. Ultimately causing The Great Depression.
  • St. Valentine's Day Massacre

    St. Valentine's Day Massacre
    The St. Valentine's Day Massacre occurred when four men belonging to Chicago gangster Al Capon's gang dressed up a police officers and killed five members of their rival gang and two of their associates.
  • Stock Market Crash Begins Great Depression

    Stock Market Crash Begins Great Depression
    16 million stocks were traded which led to the stock market ultimately lossing $14 billion that day.
  • The Dust Bowl Begins

    The Dust Bowl Begins
    Severe drought hit the Midwest and Southern Great Plains in 1930. Massive dust storms began in 1931.
  • Scottsboro Boys

    Scottsboro Boys
    In the first set of trials in April 1931, an all-white, all-male jury quickly convicted the Scottsboro Boys and sentenced eight of them to death. 13-year-old Leroy Wright, ended up with life imprisonment rather than death.
  • The Adoption of the Star Spangled Banner as the National Anthem

    The Adoption of the Star Spangled Banner as the National Anthem
    President Herbert Hoover signs a congressional act making “The Star-Spangled Banner” the official national anthem of the United States.
  • The Empire State Building Opens

    The Empire State Building Opens
    The 102-story building is the talk of the town and, on May 1, President Hoover presses a button in Washington, D.C., officially opening the building and turning on the Empire State Building's lights for the very first time. The Empire State Building is a symbol of everything New York City is known for: ambition, innovation, a competitive spirit, and sheer will.
  • Franklin Roosevelt is Elected President (1st Time)

    Franklin Roosevelt is Elected President (1st Time)
    Franklin Roosevelt was elected president in a landslide victory against President Hoover. This was do to Roosevelt's effectiveness during the Great Depression.
  • Adolf Hitler Become Chancellor of Germany

    Adolf Hitler Become Chancellor of Germany
    Adolf Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany in 1933 following a series of electoral victories by the Nazi Party
  • CCC is Created

    CCC is Created
    Roosevelt established the Civilian Conservation Corps, or CCC, with an executive order on April 5, 1933. The CCC was part of his New Deal legislation, combating high unemployment during the Great Depression by putting hundreds of thousands of young men to work on environmental conservation projects
  • WPA is Created

    WPA is Created
    Created by President Franklin Roosevelt to relieve the economic hardship of the Great Depression, this national works program employed more than 8.5 million people on 1.4 million public projects before it was disbanded in 1943.
  • J.J. Braddock Wins Heavyweight Boxing Title

    J.J. Braddock Wins Heavyweight Boxing Title
    J.J. Braddock beat then heavyweight champion Max Baer by an unanimous decision. He was also known as "Cinderella Man".
  • Olympic Games in Berlin

    Olympic Games in Berlin
    The Summer Olympic Games open in Berlin, attended by athletes and spectators from countries around the world. The Olympic Games were a propaganda success for the Nazi government, as German officials made every effort to portray Germany as a respectable member of the international community.
  • Kristallnacht

    Kristallnacht
    Kristallnacht was a pogrom against Jews carried out by SA paramilitary forces and civilians throughout Nazi Germany. The German authorities watched without intervening.
  • Grapes of Wrath is Published

    Grapes of Wrath is Published
    It is an American novel written by John Steinbeck and published in 1939. The book won the National Book Award and Pulitzer Prize for fiction, and it was cited prominently when Steinbeck was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1962.
  • Wizard of Oz Premiers in Movie Theaters

    Wizard of Oz Premiers in Movie Theaters
    It was the first movie to have color and people thought that it was digging into Walt Disney's territory.
  • Germany Invades Poland

    Germany Invades Poland
    The invasion of Poland marked the beginning of World War II.
  • The Battle of Britain

    The Battle of Britain
    The Battle of Britain in World War II was between Britain's Royal Air Force and Nazi Germany's air force, and was the first battle in history fought solely in the air. The powerful combat-experienced Luftwaffe hoped to conquer Britain easily, but the RAF proved a formidable enemy.
  • The Four Freedoms Speech

    The Four Freedoms Speech
    The Four Freedoms Speech was a speech given by Franklin Roosevelt where he proposed four fundamental freedoms that everyone in the world should have.
  • The Bombing of Pearl Harbor

    The Bombing of Pearl Harbor
    The Attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service upon the United States against the naval base at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu,Hawaii.
  • The Battle of Midway

    The Battle of Midway
    The Battle of Midway was a major naval battle in the Pacific Theater of World War II that took place six months after Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor.
  • The Battle of Stalingrad

    The Battle of Stalingrad
    In the Battle of Stalingrad, Germany and its allies fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad in Southern Russia. The Axis death toll was 800,000 and the soviet death toll was 1,100,00 soldiers and 40,000 civilians.
  • Operation Torch

    Operation Torch
    Operation Torch was an Allied invasion of French North Africa during the Second World War. The French colonies in the area were dominated by the French, formally aligned with Germany but of mixed loyalties. Reports indicated that they might support the Allies.
  • Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives Program

    Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives Program
    The Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives program under the Civil Affairs and Military Government Sections of the Allied armies was established in 1943 to help protect cultural property in war areas during and after World War II
  • The Battle of Kursk

    The Battle of Kursk
    The Battle of Kursk was the largest tank battle in history, involving some 6,000 tanks, 2,000,000 troops, and 4,000 aircraft. It marked the decisive end of the German offensive capability on the Eastern Front and cleared the way for the great Soviet offensives of 1944–45.
  • D-Day (June 6th, 1944)

    D-Day (June 6th, 1944)
    The Normandy landings were the landing operations and associated airborne operations of the Allied invasion of Normandy in Operation Overlord during World War II. Codenamed Operation Neptune and often referred to as D-Day, it was the largest seaborne invasion in history.
  • The Battle of the Bulge

    The Battle of the Bulge
    The Battle of the Bulge, also known as the Ardennes Counteroffensive it was a major German offensive campaign on the Western Front during World War II
  • The Battle of Iwo Jima

    The Battle of Iwo Jima
    The Battle of Iwo Jima was a major battle in which the United States Marine Corps and Navy landed on and eventually captured the island of Iwo Jima from the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II.
  • The Battle of Okinawa

    The Battle of Okinawa
    The Battle of Okinawa, codenamed Operation Iceberg, was a major battle of the Pacific War fought on the island of Okinawa by United States Marine Corps and Army forces against the Imperial Japanese Army.
  • The Death of FDR

    The Death of FDR
    FDR died at 63 years old and died to a cerebral hemorrhage.
  • The Death of Adolf Hitler

     The Death of Adolf Hitler
    He committed suicide by gunshot in his Führerbunker in Berlin. Eva Braun, his wife of one day, committed suicide with Hitler by taking cyanide.
  • Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima

    Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima
    It was the first use of a nuclear weapon in history and killed 146,000 people.
  • Atomic Bombing Nagasaki

    Atomic Bombing Nagasaki
    The bombing of Nagasaki was the second and last use of a nuclear weapon in war, it killed 80,000 people.
  • Jackie Robinson Breaks the Color Barrier

    Jackie Robinson Breaks the Color Barrier
    After a successful season with the minor league Montreal Royals in 1946, Robinson officially broke the major league color line when he put on a Dodgers uniform, number 42
  • Newport Jazz Festival

    Newport Jazz Festival
    The Newport Jazz Festival is a music festival held every summer in Newport, Rhode Island. Elaine Lorillard established the festival in 1954, and she and husband Louis Lorillard financed it for many years. They hired George Wein to organize the first festival and bring jazz to Rhode Island.
  • Brown vs. Board of Education

    Brown vs. Board of Education
    Brown v. Board of Education was a decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality.
  • The Murder of Emmett Till

    The Murder of Emmett Till
    Emmett Louis Till was a 14-year-old African American who was lynched in Mississippi in 1955, after being accused of offending a white woman in her family's grocery store
  • Montgomery Bus Boycott

    Montgomery Bus Boycott
    The Montgomery bus boycott was a political and a social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama
  • The Little Rock 9

    The Little Rock 9
    The Little Rock Nine were a group of nine African American students who were enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957 in order to desegregate schools in America.
  • Nixon-Kennedy Debates (1st on Television)

    Nixon-Kennedy Debates (1st on Television)
    Political observers at the time felt that Kennedy won the first debate, and Nixon won the second and third debates, while the fourth debate was a draw. This was the first debate on television where both presidential candidates appeared on tv together.
  • Ruby Bridges desegregate elementary school in New Orleans

    Ruby Bridges desegregate elementary school in New Orleans
    Ruby Nell Bridges became the first Black child to attend the all white William Frantz Elementary School in New Orleans escorted by federal marshals during a tense desegregation crisis in America.
  • Letter from a Birmingham Jail

    Letter from a Birmingham Jail
    Letter from a Birmingham Jail is an open letter written on April 16, 1963, by Martin Luther King Jr where he says that "we're all responsible for justice across the nation and around the world. Justice isn't defined or contained by mere laws".
  • The Assassination of John F. Kennedy

    The Assassination of John F. Kennedy
    JFK was assassinated while traveling through Dallas, Texas, in a convertible. He was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald.
  • The Beatles Appear for the first time on the Ed Sullivan Show

    The Beatles Appear for the first time on the Ed Sullivan Show
    The Beatles' record breaking first live appearance was on The Ed Sullivan Show, in New York City. They opened with the song"All My Loving"
  • Civil Rights Act of 1964

    Civil Rights Act of 1964
    The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin
  • The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

    The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
    The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution authorized President Lyndon Johnson to “take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression” by the communist government of North Vietnam.
  • Assassination of Malcolm X

    Assassination of Malcolm X
    Malcolm X was an African-American Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a popular figure during the civil rights movement and was shot at the Audubon Ballroom in 1965.
  • Operation Rolling Thunder

    Operation Rolling Thunder
    Operation Rolling Thunder was the title of a gradual and sustained aerial bombardment campaign conducted by the United States, and Republic of Vietnam Air Force against the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.
  • Creation of the Black Panthers

    Creation of the Black Panthers
    Black Panther Party for Self-Defense, was a Black Power political organization founded by college students Bobby Seale and Huey P. Newton in Oakland, California
  • Thurgood Marshall Named Supreme Court Justice

    Thurgood Marshall Named Supreme Court Justice
    Thurgood Marshall was the first African American justice to serve in the Supreme Court of the United States. Marshall had made his mark in American law, having won 29 of the 32 cases he argued before the Supreme Court, most notably the Brown vs. Board of Education case
  • March on the Pentagon

    March on the Pentagon
    The March on the Pentagon was a massive demonstration against the Vietnam War. The protest involved more than 100,000 attendees at a rally by the Lincoln Memorial. Later about 50,000 people marched across the city to The Pentagon and sparked a confrontation with troops on guard.
  • Mai Lai Massacre

    Mai Lai Massacre
    The Mỹ Lai massacre was the mass murder of unarmed South Vietnamese civilians by U.S. troops in Sơn Tịnh District, South Vietnam.
  • Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.

    Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.
    Martin Luther King Jr. was an African American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the American civil rights movement from 1955 until his assassination in 1968
  • Riots at the Chicago Democratic Convention

    Riots at the Chicago Democratic Convention
    The Chicago Riots started as an anti-war protest at the Democratic National Convention but turned into a riot.
  • Woodstock

    Woodstock
    Woodstock was a music festival held, on Max Yasgur's dairy farm in Bethel, New York, 40 miles southwest of the town of Woodstock. It was described as "an Aquarian Exposition: 3 Days of Peace & Music" and alternatively referred to as the Woodstock Rock Festival, it attracted an audience of more than 400,000 people.
  • Chicago 8 Trial

    Chicago 8 Trial
    The Chicago 8 were 8 people who were charged by the US government of conspiracy to incite a riot at the 1968 DNC all were acquitted of that crime but were found guilty of conspiracy of crossing state lines to incite a riot except for two who were completely acquitted.
  • The Beatles Break Up

    The Beatles Break Up
    In 1970 the internationally famous band broke up due to conflicts between John and Paul. Many attribute the blame to John's wife Yoko Ono.
  • Kent State Protest

    Kent State Protest
    The Kent State shootings were the killings of four and wounding of nine other unarmed Kent State University students by the Ohio National Guard in Kent, Ohio
  • Roe vs. Wade

    Roe vs. Wade
    Roe v. Wade, was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that the Constitution of the United States protects a pregnant woman's liberty to choose to have an abortion without excessive government restriction.
  • Election of Barack Obama

    Election of Barack Obama
    Barack Obama was an American politician who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, Obama was the first African-American president of the United States.