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John Adams narrowly beats Jefferson in 1796 presidential election. Jefferson had the majority of the southern votes however Adams had the majority of the Northern votes.
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French begin taking american vessels. the Jay Treaty of 1794 offended the french so obviously the only possible solution would be to kidnap the vessels. The french sent 3 agents code named XY and Z to negotiate with the envoys that Adams sent. The demands were ridiculous. They included $250,000 in bribes. history.state.gov/milestone/1784-1800/xyz
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The XYZ affair insulted the people who began to hate the french. The federalists expanded the army and navy which messed up the french.
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Due to the xyz affair the alien and sedition acts were established.
The Alien acts allowed the president to arrest and depot any non- citizens. The Sedition acts made it illegal to publicly criticize the federal government.
www.constitution.org/rf/edition_1798.htm -
Jefferson and Madison declared the Alien and Sedition acts to be unconstitutional. However legislature refused to pass it.
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Adams suspended funding to the army because of the unpopular taxes and the sedition act. He also sent diplomats to make peace with the french however he angered a lot of federalists.
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John Marshall became the chief Justice of the supreme court.
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This case was the first court case to apply the judicial review. It started when Jefferson told James Madison not to show a couple of commisions. William Marbury wanted to appoint the writ of mandamus, or a legal order, making Madison show the commision.
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/supremecourt/democracy/landmark_marbury.html -
Aaron Burr, Jefferson's running mate, tied with jefferson. Hamilton allowed jefferson to win so Burr killed Hamilton in a duel.
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Jefferson cut the national debt from $80 million to $57 million. He mostly made major cuts to the army and the navy.
