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Portugal's capture of Ceuta in North Africa stated the start of European expansion abroad and the beginning of marine exploration along Africa's coast.
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Dias demonstrated that it was possible to reach the Indian Ocean from the Atlantic by becoming the first European to make it around southern Africa.
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Spain provided funding for Columbus's mission, which resulted in the discovery of the New World and greatly influenced international trade and colonialism.
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By creating a direct sea route from Europe to Asia, Vasco da Gama's successful voyage to India promoted trade and cross-cultural interaction.
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Shaped colonial politics by dividing the recently found non-European territories between Spain and Portugal.
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The world's shape and connection were demonstrated by Ferdinand Magellan's expedition's first tour of the planet.
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Major cultural and demographic changes resulted from European supremacy in the Americas beginning with Hernán Cortés' conquest of the Aztec Empire.
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The foundation for international commercial networks and the ultimate British imperial empire in Asia was established by the British East India Company.
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In 1619, the first African slaves were transported to North America, marking the beginning of the transatlantic slave trade that influenced cultures and economies.
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Modern economic theories were founded on Adam Smith's groundbreaking work, which also demonstrated the growing significance of globalization in trade and economics.