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A treaty between Charles V and the forces of Lutheran princes signed in 1555, which officially ended the religious struggle between the two groups and allowed princes in the Holy Roman Empire to choose which religion would reign in their principality.
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Protestant ideas were first introduced to France during the reign of Francis I, who at the time firmly opposed Protestantism, but continued to try and seek a middle course until the later stages of his regime. Then Huguenots gained influence and displayed their faith more openly, Roman Catholic hostility grew and led to eight civil wars from 1562 to 1598. Then came the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre in 1572, when thousands of Huguenots were killed by Catholics.
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Henry IV
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The Westphalia area of north-western Germany gave the name to this treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War, one of the most destructive conflicts in the history of Europe.