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The qing govermernment officailly restricted trade to canton
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visit to China by a british offical, george macartney, with a goal of convinving emperor Qianlong to ease restriction on trade between great britain anf China, and to allow britian to have a permenent embassy in Beijing
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first angol-chinese (opium) war between britian and china
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treaty of nanking giving gives britian trading and other benifits, including gaining Hong Kong
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Taiping Rebellion
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second anglo- chinese opium war in which british and french forces defeat china and force the qing government to sign further unequal treaties
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era of self strengthening major rise of foreign presence in treaty ports including foreign concessions disticts with non chinese adminastration
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china defeaed in war wiht france establishment of french indochina
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Sino-Japanese War
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scramble by foreign powers to gain concessions areas or control in china
