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Second Bank of the United States
The original Bank of the United States expired before the War of 1812 (it had to be renewed every 20 years but Congress refused to). During the war, the federal government realized it was a lot more difficult and expensive to borrow money from individuals than it was to borrow from a national bank. Although the Democratic-Republicans originally opposed the first bank, they agreed to create a new bank that could lend the government money and print new money. -
Tariff of 1816
Many Americans preferred to buy items from other countries because they were cheaper. To help American businesses grow, the Tariff of 1816 placed a tax on specific items coming into America. This included fabric, paper, and cabinets. What was the effect? The tax made foreign items more expensive and encouraged people to buy local American-made goods. This helped American businesses grow, particularly in the North. -
More Roads and Canals
Local governments and businesses paid for the construction of more roads and canals (man-made rivers). Better transportation would help businesses to move items quicker and cheaper. This would allow them to make more money. One of these roads was called the National Road (see image). -
McCulloch vs. Maryland
In 1819, the state of Maryland tried to tax the Second Bank of the United States. The Supreme Court ultimately decided two things. First, the federal government had the right and the power to create the Second National Bank. Second, state governments can not interfere with federal government agencies. That means the state can't tax the bank. This case shows and clarifies the power of the federal government -
Adams-Onis Treaty
Many slaves and Native Americans ran away to Spanish Florida. This upset many Southerners. There was constant fighting at the boarder of Georgia (owned by America) and Spanish Florida. When General Andrew Jackson was sent to deal with it, he invaded Spanish Florida. Spain signed the Adams-Onis Treaty. This treaty officially gave America control of Florida and confirmed that American owned Oregon. -
Monroe Doctrine
Before 1809, most of South America was owned by Spain. After 1809, many of those colonies had their own revolutions and became independent. Spain, and other European countries, wanted to retake control of South America. The US did not want European countries to have colonies nearby because then they could attack the US. The Monroe Doctrine said Europe could no longer colonize North & South America. If they did, the US would attack.
