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the 30 year war begains
The first traces of enlightenment are found in the early French philosophers around 1670. -
war and peace
a treatise on war and international relations titled On the Law of War and Peace eventually became accepted as the basis for the rules of modern warfare. -
the 30 year war ends
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thomas hobbes
The first major Enlightenment figure in England was Thomas Hobbes, who caused great controversy with the release of his provocative treatise Leviathan -
william and mary
English Protestants helped overthrow the Catholic king James II and installed the Protestant monarchs William and Mary. -
John Locke
John Locke came into the picture, promoting the opposite type of government—a representative government -
the social contract
a work championing a form of government based on small, direct democracy that directly reflects the will of the population -
Beccaria
Beccaria’s book On Crimes and Punishments exposed these practices and led to the abolition of many. -
Goethe
Goethe’s morose The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774) helped fuel the Sturm und Drang movement -
woman rights
A French feminist and reformer in the waning years of the Enlightenment who articulated the rights of women with her Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen