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No Immigration
Legislature passed a law that no free negro or mulatto could immigrate to Arkansas. -
Period: to
Arkansas Emanciaption
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No Immigration starts
Legislature enforces the law of no free negro or mulatto immigration to Arkansas. -
No meetings with negroes
An act passed in 1854 stated that any white person caught in company with negroes at any unlawful meeting, or who harbored or entertained a slave, or drank with them, should be guilty of a misdemeanor. -
Sectional Conflict
Legislature enforces a law forbidding free negroes and mulattoes to remain in Arkansas after Jan. 1, 1860. -
Confederate States of America
South Carolina was the first state to seceed, followed by Mississppi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina. -
Pre 1861- New lands
Anti-slavery Creeks and Seminoles allowed fugitive slaves from surrounding states to reside in their lands. -
Period: to
Oklahoma Emancipation
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Abraham Lincoln's Inauguration
Lincoln said he had no plans to end slavery in the states in which it already existed, but he would not accept sucession. -
The Civil War begins
Fort Sumter is were the first shots of the Civil War took place. -
Confederacy Negotiated Treaties with Indian Nations
Creek Nation: July 10, 1861
Choctaw and Chickasaw July 12, 1861
Seminole August 1, 1861
Cherokee October 7, 1861 -
Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln issued this to declare all slaves in rebellion areas to be considered free in the eyes of the government. Cherokee slaveholders freed their slaves in accordance with Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation. -
Forced into the Union Army
The Union Army forced all able black males to enroll for service. -
Fall of the Confederacy
Blockades resulted in food and supply shortages in the South which caused soliders to flee confederate forces. -
General Lee Surrenders
General Lee and General Grant met at Appomattox Courhouse to agree on terms of surrendering. -
Final Defeat of Confederate Troops
Jefferson Davis was captured and the remaining Confederate troops were defeated. -
Civil War ends in Indian Territory
Confederate Indian Commander, Stand Waite, surrendered to Union troops at Doaksville ending the Civil War in Indian Territories. -
New treaties negotiated with Indian Tribes
This required tribes to cede western half of their land to the government and called reorganization of trival government.
Ratfication Dates:
Chickasaw and Choctaw Treaty of Washington- July 10, 1866
Creek- August 11, 1866
Cherokee Reconstruction Treaty of 1866- August 11
Seminole Treaty- August 16, 1866 -
Political Assest
Blacks were seen as a possbile political assest. -
Former slaves elected
Among five dozen delegates, eight were black men who represented 13% of the delegates. -
Black Suffrage approved
The new Arkansas constitution approved the black suffrage provision. -
Arkansas's population changed
Blacks represented nearly 26% of Arkansas' population. -
Cherokee Freedmen elected
Joseph Brown was teh only freedan elected to the National Council. -
Creek Freedman elected
Jesse Franklin was elected as a judge in the tribal Supreme Court. -
Freedman's Oklahoma Immigration Association
Hannibal Carter adn James Milton Turner organized this to encourage black migration into the Oklahoma district. -
Education for the Freedman
Choctaw nation allows schooling to the freedman. -
Land Run
Oklahoma territory opened to settlement by non-Indians. Previously the territory had been only open to settlement by other Indian tribes. -
"Race War"
The Creek tribe and blacks started a "Race War" that was reported by local newspapers. -
"State Negroes"
Most blacks residing in Indian Territory were newcomers from neighboring states, called "State Negroes." -
Dawes Commission
Congress created this to negotiate agreements with the Five Civilized Trives to terminate their existence as seperate nations. -
Rolls created
Congress made rolls for each of the tribes that included Indians and freedmen who were tribal citizens making it the first time in history that non-Indians were determining Indian citizenship with the Dawes Commission. -
Oklahoma becomes a state
Enabling Act- June 6, 1906
Oklahoma Constitution approved- September 1907
Oklahoma admitted to the United States- November 16, 1907
