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Brown v. Board of Education
Brown v. Board was the U.S. Supreme Court Case that decided that having separate schools for black and white students was unconstitutional. Famously, this ruling was quoted with "Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." This created the foundation for the IDEA Act which protects the rights of students with intellectual disabilities.
Link: https://www.acslaw.org/acsblog/the-meaning-of-brown-for-children-with-disabilities
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1siiQelPHbQ -
Diana vs. State Board of Education
Diana was a Spanish speaking student who was given a placement test in English. She scored low enough to be placed in a special education setting. The case demanded that students are given a placement test in their first language. After taking the test in Spanish, she scored high enough to be removed from the special education setting. This case deals directly with the misrepresentation of minorities in special education settings. -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
This court was challenged a law that allowed public schools to deny education to certain children. The ruling was that these laws were unconstitutional and the state needed to provide a free public education to all students aged six to twenty-one years old. The impact this case had on special education was that any student, no matter what disabilities they had or didn't have, could get access to an education in the public school system.
Resources:
http://www.rootedinrights.org/15321-revision-v1/ -
Mills v. The Board of Education of The District of Colombia
In 1972, seven classified disabled students were denied from public school and education. The parents sued the board and the court found them in favor because the students were being denied their right to a free public education. The presiding Judge Waddy said the financial troubles of the district should not inhibit the exceptional student education more than the average student. This case pointed out the benefit of education and enforced free public education for disabled students. -
Section 508 of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act
This law required Federal agencies to make all of their electronic and information technology developed, procured, maintained, or used accessible to people with disabilities including employees and members of the public. This has in impact on special education because some individuals with disabilities may be in need of accessible related software or peripheral devices in order to use systems that comply with Section 508. (https://webaim.org/articles/laws/usa/rehab) -
San Antonio Independent School District v Rodriguez
Rodriguez acted on behalf of students living in poor districts and argued that it underprivileged students due to the property tax base. The district argued that the property caused inter-district disparities in per-pupil expenditures. The Court stated that education is not a fundamental right guaranteed by the Constitution. In special education, it created a barrier between students with disabilities and their fundamental right to receive an equal education.
www.oyez.org/cases/1972/71-1332 -
Section 504 of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act
Section 504 of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act ensures individuals with disabilities are not discriminated against in the areas of education and employment. Section 504 requires school districts to provide students with a free and appropriate education, regular and special education, and aids and services created for the student's educational needs. Section 504 provides individuals with disabilities with same opportunities as others. http://www.parentcenterhub.org/section504/ -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) was originally enacted in 1975. This act allowed and ensured students with ID's have the opportunity to receive a free and public education without getting discriminated or rejected depending on the disability the student has. This allowed schools to provide more services for students with intellectual disabilities. Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3XMndYNEGFA Website:
http://www.parentcenterhub.org/idea/ -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975
The act was for all public schools accepting federal funds to offer equal access to education for children with disabilities.The public schools were required to evaluate disabled children and create an educational plan including parent help to match the educational experience of non-disabled students.It was passed to guarantee that special education services are available to children who need them. Link: https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-0-387-71799-9_152 -
Lebanks v. Spears
Within this case in Louisiana the the court ruled that students with exceptionalities have the right to learn in whatever environment they feel most comfortable in and however they feel appropriate. Meaning that if they feel most comfortable in an environment learning with other students that do not have a disability then they have the complete right to do so. This would be revolutionary for students with exceptionality in which it would open up a new environment in which they might exceed in. -
Armstrong vs. Kline
Armstrong vs. Kline established that special education students are entitled to an extended school year beyond the 180 limit. It was found that long gaps between educational programs caused some students to regress in their education. Since it would take too long to recoup the lost education those students are entitled to an extended school year.
Slideshow:
https://prezi.com/ydqgrllmefk0/armstrong-v-kline-case-study/
Further info:
https://www.leagle.com/decision/1980938513fsupp4251892 -
Larry P. vs Riles
In 1977, a lawsuit was filed that challenged the use of IQ tests to place students in Special Education classes. Larry P. argued that the IQ tests were biased and discriminated against African American students. The tests resulted in disproportionate placement. The court ruled that IQ tests were disproportionate and discrimantory. This case resulted in assessment being unbiased and the use of multiple assessments to be reinforced.
https://prezi.com/xawjaju_jbvs/larry-p-v-riles-1979/ -
Parents in Action on Special Education (PASE) v. Hannon
PASE vs. Hannon was a lawsuit on behalf of all African American children who felt as if they were being placed in special education based on an IQ test that was biased towards black students. The judge ruled in favor of the school district when he determined that the tests were in fact biased towards other cultures but that it didn't undermine the test's overall value in determining placement. https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/506/831/1654128/ -
Board of Education of the Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley
Board of Education of the Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley was a legal case in which the U.S supreme court held that education of individuals with disabilities as amended by the Edu. for all Handicapped Children act of 1975.This was put in place so students all all types of disabilities could achieve their full potential as learners. -
McKenzie v. Jefferson
Floretta McKENZIE, v.
Alexandra JEFFERSON
Alexandra was diagnosed with schizophrenia and placed in a residential hospital. The DC Schools states that under the Education for all Handicapped Education Act, they are not required to pay her medical care. Alexandra’s disputes DCPS. The judge ruled in favor of the DCPS. Special Education was impacted by the distinction made between school and medical services. https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/566/404/2397125/ -
George Hurry V. Dr. Jerome B. Jones
Hurry v. Jones is a case that occurred due to refusal of door-to-door transportation to and from school for a special needs student. George Hurry was a student with cerebral palsy and confined to a wheelchair. School bus drivers refused transportation due to George getting too heavy and stairs they had to carry him down. Parents sued, after the van they had to take him in was causing him too much pain and they won the case.
https://openjurist.org/734/f2d/879/hurry-v-b-jones-hurry -
Burlington School Committee v. Massachusetts Department of Education
Burlington School Committee v. Massachusetts Department of Education was a case determining whether or not the state should reimburse parents for tuition in private schools for their handicapped children. Parents under the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (Now IDEA) provides relief for parents who do not agree with their child's IEP.
Article: https://www.britannica.com/topic/School-Committee-of-the-Town-of-Burlington-v-Massachusetts-Department-of-Education. -
Handicap Children's Protection Act
The Handicap Children's Protection Act (HCPA) amends the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA). It concerns an individual's legal costs for lawsuits that succeed based on the EAHCA. Both acts ensure a right to a hearing if parents find their child's IEP unsuitable. HCPA ensures that disabled children birth to age 5 will have a Free and Appropriate Public Education similar to non-disabled peers. Article:
(https://www.craftlegal.com/2016/11/08/handicapped-childrens-protection-act/) -
Daniel R. R. vs. State Board of Education
Daniel R. was a student with Down Syndrome. He spent half of his day in a special education class and half in a traditional pre-school class. Upon realizing Daniel was not benefitting from his pre-school classroom, school officials placed him in only his special ed class. His parents weren't happy and fought the ruling. It was found that the special ed class was the most appropriate and least restrictive environment for Daniel under the Education of the Handicapped Act of 1975. -
Timothy W. v. Rochester, New Hampshire, School District
Timothy had multiple disabilities and was denied the right to get special educational services because the federal district court in New Hampshire ruled that Timothy was operating at a very basic level and these services would be wasteful concerning Timothy. The first circuit court over ruled the district court ruling and reaffirmed that Timothy did not need to demonstrate the ability to benefit from the special education service to qualify and use them. -
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
The ADA is a civil rights law to protect people with disabilities from discrimination in all areas of life (employment, public services: state and local, public accommodations, telecommunications, and transportation). Its purpose is to ensure that people with disabilities are granted that same rights and opportunities as people without disabilities. If an individual meets the ADA’s definition of disability, then they are included in the Act’s protection. https://youtu.be/o3mqgrmKz7s -
Sacramento City Unified School District v. Rachel H.
Rachel is a girl with an intellectual disability whose parents fought to put her in a classroom with non-disabled students. Judge David Levi’s considerations for placement of a child with a disability to attend a general education classroom include benefits they receive, both academically and socially, their relationship with other students, and the cost of mainstreaming the student. These four factors have had such a strong and positive impact on the special education system ever since! -
W.B. v. Matula
This case involved a mother who was sueing a local school because of their neglect of her mentally disabled son. The school failed to accurately evaluate the student and did not give the student the necessary academic services to the son. This impacted special education in the sense that now there are new laws and regulations that ensure that all mentally disabled students will be able to receive the necessary academic services and attention they need to have a successful academic career. -
Assistive Technology Act
The Assistive Technology Act of 1998; public law 105-394 fought for support programs for grants to states to address AT of individuals with disabilities. This act is more than just implementing AT in education, but in public and workforces to improve the daily living of individuals with disabilities of all ages. Video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b0udSG_OyT0
Resource:https://www.section508.gov/assistive-technology-act-1998 -
Cedar Rapids Community School District v. Garret F
Was the case that gave individuals with disabilities access to nursing services throughout the school day. The idea was to help students with disabilities so they could stay in school. More info link: https://www.oyez.org/cases/1998/96-1793
Video link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=36fZw-zip_A -
Individuals With Disabilities Education Act Re-authorization
The Individuals with Disabilities Act is a federal law that allows students with disabilities able to have a public education and requires schools and teachers to evaluate students who are suspected of having a disability. This will also be provided at no cost to the parents. This also allows the opportunity for parents to be more involved in their students education Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oj4b9d4XAdY
Extra Info.
https://search.proquest.com/docview/224044838?pq-origsite=gscholar -
Winkelman v. Parma City School District 2007
The Winkelman claimed that Parma City School District failed to give their disabled son Jacob a "free appropriate public education" and wanted to send there son to a private school. The school district planned to place Jacob in a public elementary school. The Winkelmans objected and placed Jacob in a private school at their own expense and petitioned a federal District Court for reimbursement. The parents went all the way up to the supreme court.
https://www.oyez.org/cases/2006/05-983 -
Higher Education Opportuntity Act
The Higher Education Opportunity Act aims to simplify the federal aid application, help develop campus safety plans, and rules regarding relationships between higher education institutions and student lenders. The Act impacts students with intellectual disabilities by making college more accessible to them by making them eligible for the first time for Pell Grants, Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grants, and the Federal Work-Study Program.
(https://www.cga.ct.gov/2008/rpt/2008-R-0470.htm) -
Forest Grove School District v. T. A
T.A was a student who attended Forest grove school district from kindergarten until his junior year in high school. In 2003, he was diagnosed with ADHD and other learning disabilities but his school told him he did not qualify for special education services. As a result, T.A went to a private school that focused on special needs children. He then sued Forest Grove school district in 2009 for denying him a free appropriate public education and was reimbursed his money spent at the private school. -
Forest Grove School District v. T.A. part2
This case impacted special education by pretty much scaring schools into giving students with disabilities the free education they deserve. If a student himself believes he needs a special education, they should be given one. https://www.oyez.org/cases/2008/08-305 -
Rule 6A-6.03011, Florida Administrative Code (F.A.C.
This rule was instated as a guideline for specific assessments and step-by-step legal requirements for a student to receive exceptional education services. It goes through all the necessities and the requirements that need to be performed by multiple professionals. to determine the student's status with their parents. https://www.flrules.org/gateway/ruleno.asp?id=6A-6.03011 -
Americans with Disabilities Act Re-authorization of 2010
The ADA protects adults with disabilities in a wide range of settings such as; employment, public services, transportation, public accommodations, and telecommunications. The re-authorization of ADA in 2010 also added help to students with disabilities among a school setting. It makes sure that they have the right accommodations so they are able to be successful. Nobody with a disability should miss out on anything and the ADA makes sure of it.
http://www.parentcenterhub.org/ada/#schools -
Steve Gleason Act
This law helps protect patients access to medically necessary Speech Generating Devices for individuals with communication disabilities.This impacts special education because now it will be easier and more convenient for students with disabilities to obtain the devices they need to perform well in and out of class with coverage provided by Medicare. [https://www.tobiidynavox.com/en-us/users-conditions/user-stories/steve-gleason-act/] -
Every Student Succeeds Act
The ESSA ensures success for all students andschools, requiring all students be taught to high academic standards preparing them to succeed in college and careers.Grants for special Ed centers were given.Improvement of how teachers identify and meet the needs of students with disabilities.Better use of MTSS&positive behavioral interventions&supports, increasing student access to effective academic/behavioral instruction.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lu4eBNGfZes
https://www.ed.gov/essa?src=ft -
Missing Persons with Disabilities Bill
The Missing Persons with Disabilities bill was designed to create projects in specific counties across the state to provide devices for search-and-rescue efforts for people with special needs. The bill became effective as of July 1st, 2016. This impacts special education because it is a significant step towards protecting people with special needs and ensuring their safety. More information about the bill can be found at https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2016/0230/Category. -
Irving Independent School District v. Tatro
Summary
This case involved Amber Tatro, who was born with spina bifida. Tatro had many health issues because of this, including a bladder condition that required her to be intermittently catheterized every several hours. In 1979, when Amber was age three, the Irving Independent School District in Texas created a special education program for her to attend. -
Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act
Summary: The Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act (DD Act) has been around for more than 30 years, there goal is to help enhance the lives of people with disabilities and their families. The DD Act helps more than 5 million children and adults who have disabilities, they also help families finically with services.
Impact on SE: The DD Act helps children so thats where they play a role in the education aspect.
http://www.thearc.org/document.doc?id=2925
