Early Islamic Civilizations By ecain 570 Birth of Muhammad Aug 1, 622 The Hijrah: Muhammad and his followers migrate to Medina. Muhammad and his followers migrate to Medina. Aug 1, 630 Muhammad and his followers conquer Mecca Aug 1, 661 Beginning of the Umayyad Caliphate Islamc Civilizations Aug 1, 750 Beginning of the Abbasid Caliphate