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Yalta conference
Who: Big three( USSR, Britain, USA)
Where: Yalta Ukraine
What: Divided Germany into 4 countries and the USSR promised free election to all liberated countries.
How it affected liberalism: There was an increase in liberalism because there was a promise of a free election. -
Potsdam Conference
Who: The Big Three Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, Churchill (replaced by Prime Minister Clement Attlee), and the U.S.
Where: It was held in Potsdam.
What: They realized that there was no free election and was the official start of the cold war.
How it affected liberalism: The was no liberalism. -
Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Where: The bomb happened in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, cities in Japanese.
Who: The USA dropped two atomic bombs on these Japanese cities.
What: These two bombs killed between 129,000 and 226,000 people, most of them were innocent civilians.
How it effected liberalism: This is a huge rejection or effect of liberalism as killing this many people is considered genocide. -
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End of the cold war
Where: It ended in Europe
Who: All the rivalries become friends including USA and USSR.
What: After years of hostility and strained relations between the countries, the cold war tension started to end when China loses and the Ping Pong game and Canada won. But, was officially ended when Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev became friends. The cold war officially ended in 1991. How it effected liberalism: No huge effect on liberalism. -
Period: to
Truman Doctrine
Where: Greece and Turkey
Who: Truman doctrine established a doctrine to support the anti-communist forces in Turkey and Greece.
What: Turkey and Greece were given $400 million in military and economic aid.
How it affected liberalism: This is an aid from authorities meaning it is against liberalism as the is an intervention. -
Molotov plan
Where: It happened in Paris.
Who: All the eastern countries were invited. including the USSR, Poland, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria,
Czechoslovakia and East Germany were all invited.
What: This was basically a response to the Marshall Plan by the USSR to help the communist eastern countries.
How it affected liberalism: This is more towards collectivism because the governments or the authorities were stepping up to help the poor and devastated countries. -
The Brussels Treaty
Where: The Brussels of Treaty was signed in Brussels
Who: It was signed by 5 western European countries, including Britain, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg,
What: These countries joined in order to create collective defense alliances in case attacked by the Soviet Union.
How it affected liberalism: This is also a collective thing because they look up to each other -
Period: to
Marshall Plan
Where: The marshall plan was held at Harvard University.
Who: Geroge Marshall announced the 13 billion to all European countries.
What: It was a planning aid of 13 billion by George Marshall that will help the western European countries after the war. He intended that Europe will be prosperous again so, the support of communism will be less.
How it affected liberalism: This is more towards collectivism as the authorities were stepping up to help the devastated countries by the war. -
Period: to
Berlin Blockade
Where: The Berlin Blockade happened in West Berlin, Germany.
Who: It was an attempt by the Soviet Union, to block the western allies' railway and transportation.
What: The Soviet Union, did this in order to make western Germany weak as if it become strong it will be a threat to the USSR.
How it affected liberalism: It was a crisis, meaning it is a crime against humanity. So, it rejects the idea of individualism. -
Period: to
NATO
What: A collective security and protection from western European countries that were against the Soviet Union.
Who: During the cold war, there were 12 countries in NATO, this includes Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States
Where: NATO take place in Brussels, Belgium
How it affected liberalism: It was collective cooperation, so it must be against PRICES and go towards collectivism or PACCEC. -
Period: to
Korean war
Where: The war happened between North Korea and the South Korea area.
Who: There were two sides, The south which was the capitalist, the North Korean ( communist), and also the two superpowers USA( South Korea) and the USSR( North Korea).
What: The Korean War was a proxy war for the Cold War.
How it effected liberalism: The allies were trying to push back the communist and go towards capitalist. Which is support for liberalism. -
Stalin's Death
Where: Stalin died in Kuntsevo Dacha
Who: Stalin died
What: This symbolizes detente and that the US and the USSR can work together.
How it effected liberalism: There are no more enemies now, friendship is starting between the two countries. This is against liberalism tho because competition ended and working together or collaboration started. -
Period: to
Warsaw pact
Where: It happened in Warsaw, Poland.
Who: This friendship treaty was between the Soviet Union and seven other countries because they feel like they had to choose a
side.
What: This collective defense treaty was a response to NATO and the Marshall plan. This shows a balance of power between the two countries.
How it affected liberalism: There is no effect on liberalism other than the fact that they were competing for every response. -
NORAD
Where: During the cold war, NORAD was located in Colorado.
Who: It was built by air forces of Canada and the United States to defend against the Soviet's bombs.
What: NORAD was built in the cold war by two bilateral countries Canada and USA. They did this in order to see the threat that that was facing from the Soviet bombers. This was an example of the defence system.
How it affected liberalism: This was a cooperation of the bilateral country, but also a competition against the USSR. -
Hungarian Revolution
Where: This happened in Hungarian People's Republic.
Who: Hungarian protesters and the Soviets were involved.
What: These protestors didn't like the Soviet government, so they needed to overthrow and form a new government. However, the Soviets won, and the communist party stayed.
How it effected liberalism: Overthrow government is a symbol of the need for individual freedom. -
Period: to
Vietnam War
Where: It happened in South Vietnam
Who: Ho Chi Min, USSR, USA, and China was involved
What: Ho Chi Min fought against French colonizers and won making the South democratic- the North still Communist. Also, the China and USA(send weapons to the south) help the south. After this over a million troops and civilians died.
How it effected liberalism: Here also there is the support of liberalism -
Period: to
Fidel Castro taking over
Where: Castro born in Biran, Cuba
Who: Former President of Cuba and a socialist guy.
What: Fidel Castro overthrows the US-supported government during the Cuban Missile Crisis.
How it effected liberalism: There was no liberalism. -
Bay of pigs
Where: It took place in Cuba in the Bay of Pigs.
Who: A Cuban exiles from Florida.
What: A Cuban exiles to Cuba who opposed and try to overthrow Fidel Castro's government.
How it effected liberalism: This shows that they don't need government and need to overthrow, showing support of liberalism. -
The Creation of Berlin wall
Where: The Berlin Wall was located in East Berlin, and divided East and West Berlin.
Who: The German Democratic Republic or the East Germans were involved in the creation of Berlin.
What: The east communists' Germans( soviet)did this in order to create a barrier so that they can prevent East Germans from escaping to the Western allies.
How it affected liberalism: I think this is kind of pro-liberalism as their separation shows that they don't need interference from each other. -
Soviet creation of Nuclear weapons
Where: The creation of Nuclear weapons by the Soviets happened in Semipalatinsk.
Who: The Soviets and some eastern countries were involved in the creation of the Soviet nuclear weapons.
What: They created it because they wanted to deter and race against the USA and NATO allies. This then increased the nuclear arms race.
How it effected liberalism: This is an effect of liberalism because we can see the competition between the two rivals. -
End of the Cuban Missile Crisis
Where: The Cuban Missile crisis happened in Cuba.
Who: Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev and U.S. President John F. Kennedy were involved.
What: After a lot of years of brinkmanship, The Cuban Missile Crisis ended with a deal between the USSR and USA, the two superpowers. Khrushchev( the soviet Premier) will remove the missiles from Cuba if the US would not attack Cuba.
How it affected liberalism: Here we can see a friendship formed which is a great effect of liberalism. -
czechoslovakia
Where: It is located in central Europe.
Who: Alex Dubcek, the Soviet Union, Poland, Bulgaria, and Hungary were involved.
What: At this time Alex Dubcek came into power and began a liberalization making the Soviets get angry, and the Warsaw pact allies invaded.
How it effected liberalism: This was also more towards liberalism. -
Period: to
Nuclear Arms Treay
Where: The USA and USSR met in Helsinki Finland.
Who: The USA and USSR involved.
What: This went back and forth for 3 years but, they finally agreed to reduce nuclear arms weapons.
How it effected liberalism: Yes libearlsim. -
Period: to
Afghanistan and soviet war
Where: It happened in the Afghanistan countryside.
Who: The USSR and the mujahedeen, the US, and some Arabic countries were involved.
What: The USSR invaded Afghanistan as they wanted to help the Afghan government which was against the Mujahedeen. This resulted in hate for communism. example of a proxy war.
how it effected liberalism: These people are really annoyed with the communist because everything is shared and no private property nor religion. -
Solidarity in Poland
Where: It happened in Gdańsk, Poland.
Who: Poland and the Soviet Union.
What: This group was so strong anti-communist, making the USSR angry. But, they have to negotiate with the group, leading the election of Walesa as liberal.
how it effected liberalism: This shows a huge anti-communism movement and a won of liberlsim. -
The fall of Berlin Wall
Where: The Berlin Wall was located in Berlin, Germany.
Who: The eastern joined the Soviet Union, while the western part join the allied countries.
What: This was a pivotal event that symbolized the end of the cold war, the Iron Curtain, and the fall of communism in Eastern Europe.
How it affected liberalism: I think this is a kind of pro-liberalism as there is a support of democracy and individual freedom shown.