-
Congress of Racial Equality CORE founded
- Civil Rights: fought to end segregation -founded in Chicago -peaceful protesting
-
Jackie Robinson Hired to the Brooklyn Dodgers
-Color Line: separated whites from non whites
-first major league black player
-other sports opened up to colored players -
Executive Order 9981
-segregation: keeping the whites separate from the blacks
-Civil right activist worked hard to end segregation
-egual treatment -
Brown V Board of Education Ruling
-Thurgood Marshall: lead NAACP attorney
-effort to desegregate city schools
-set of cases from Kansas, Washington DC, South Carolina, Delaware and Virginia -
Montgomery bus boycott
-Boycott: one day bus boycott, encourage people to not ride the bus.
-Rosa Parks: 43 African American who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white person.
-Montgomery Improvement association MIA was group of organizers
-Martin Luther King Jr led the boycott -
Integration of Central high School
-Little Rock Nine: 9 black students joining the school
-black students subjected to insults and violence.
-blocked by white students from entering the school for many days -
Advocates for Black Nationalism
-Nation of Islam: religious group leader being Elijah Muhammad
-Malcolm X: former convict who was taught that blacks were earths first people but were tricked out of their power by whites
-black muslim worked to become independent from whites be creating their own businesses.
-complete separation from whites -
First lunch counter sit-in
-Sit-in: Sitting in a public facility as a means of peaceful protesting
-Jim crow laws: Laws that made racial segregation okay in the south
- African American college kids went into Woolsworth everyday
- These students were often attacked by white customers and store owners -
Freedom riders
-Civil Disobedience: People in the south didn't follow the rules of the supreme court and they kept attacking the freedom rides
-SNCC: The SNCC stands for Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee- they emerged from a student meeting, this was one of the most important organizations in cicil rights
-A mob of white people attacked the bus of one of the freedom rides with seven blacks and six whites
-The CORE finally won in late 1962 because of clear rules about the buses and bus terminals -
Birmingham Campaign: Letter from a Birmingham jail
-SCLC: planned non violent actions against segregation
-King wrote letter from jail since did not have money for bail
-wrote about 2 types of law just and unjust -
March on Washington
-NAACP: National Association of Advancement of Colored People
-Martin Luther King Jr I have a dream speech
-urged the passing of civil rights legislation -
Civil Rights act of 1964
-Plessy v. Ferguson: 1896 case that determined separate but equal facilities
- Originally Kennedy's idea, President Johnson was able to get passed
-Civil rights act banned discrimination -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
-disenfranchise: prohibit the right to vote to some people
-several activist were murdered
-no US citizen could be denied the right to vote -
Watts Riot
-Kerner Commission: to examine what caused the riots.
-Ghettos: part of the city where certain ethnic groups lived.
-lasted 6 days
-festering frustrations -
Black Panther Party Founded
-Black Power: power to shape public policy
-statement of doing whatever was needed to do
-clashed with the police due to being armed at all times and not doing what the police told them -
Civil rights of 1968
-Discrimination: banned in housing and rentals
-authority to file lawsuits against those that did not obey the law
-days after Kings assassination it was signed -
Swann v Charlotte Mecklenburg Board of Education
-desegregation: may attend schools outside their area to integrate children
-used buses to integrate
-some moved to suburbs or went to private schools -
Regents of the University of California v Bakke
-Affirmative Action: race could be used as criteria in acceptance
-Universities were passing on more qualified students just so they could meet a quota of minorities.
-did not end debate regarding preferential treatment of women
